Articles | Volume 9, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-585-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-585-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
14 Mar 2024
Research article |
| 14 Mar 2024
| 14 Mar 2024
Gradient-based wind farm layout optimization with inclusion and exclusion zones
Javier Criado Risco
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Wind Energy and Power Systems, Technical University Of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
now at: Ørsted, Nesa Allé 1, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
Rafael Valotta Rodrigues
Wind Energy and Power Systems, Technical University Of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
now at: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, United States of America
Mikkel Friis-Møller
Wind Energy and Power Systems, Technical University Of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Julian Quick
Wind Energy and Power Systems, Technical University Of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Mads Mølgaard Pedersen
Wind Energy and Power Systems, Technical University Of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Pierre-Elouan Réthoré
Wind Energy and Power Systems, Technical University Of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Total article views: 2,965 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
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Total article views: 1,990 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
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Cited
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Parametric Analysis of Inter-Farm Wake Interactions in Offshore Wind Farm Projects Along the US East Coast A. Moura & R. Rodrigues https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3016/1/012049
- Wind farm layout optimization with multi-type wind turbines for minimizing levelized cost of energy T. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2025.124386
- FLOWERS AEP: An Analytical Model for Wind Farm Layout Optimization M. LoCascio et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2954
- Optimization of Prefabricated Building Component Selection and Layout Based on an Improved Simulated Annealing Algorithm J. Wei https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2026.03.322
- Benchmarking Engineering Wake Models for Assessing Wind Farm Wakes Interaction R. Rodrigues & A. Moura https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3016/1/012045
- Achieving Power-Noise Balance in Wind Farms by Fine-Tuning the Layout with Reinforcement Learning G. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18185019
- Efficient wind farm layout optimization with the FLOWERS AEP model and analytic gradients M. LoCascio et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0237778
- Towards holistic wind farm design optimization: an integrated multidisciplinary approach N. Italiano et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/3/032082
- A geometry-guided genetic algorithm for integrated offshore wind farm layout and electrical cable routing optimization B. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.127895
- A multi-objective framework for wind farm layout optimization considering land area and performance uniformity H. Aghababaei & A. Jahangirian https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121460
- Gradient Descent Algorithm with Greedy Repositioning Using Power Deficit Aggregation of Wakes to Accelerate the Offshore Wind Farm Layout Optimization Problem in Irregular Concession Areas A. Gonzalez-Rodriguez et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142311331
- Inter-farm wake effect on layout optimization: Case study of standardized two-phase wind farms K. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.awe.2024.100021
- Optimizing the layout of floating wind farms in Crete: A combined LCOE and visual impact minimization N. Tsarknias et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2025.138645
- Leveraging Quantum Annealing for Layout Optimization L. Nigro et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qute.202500358
- Exploring the effectiveness of cell size criteria and comparison of nine recently developed metaheuristic algorithms for wind farm layout optimization A. Semnani et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-025-08028-6
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Parametric Analysis of Inter-Farm Wake Interactions in Offshore Wind Farm Projects Along the US East Coast A. Moura & R. Rodrigues https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3016/1/012049
- Wind farm layout optimization with multi-type wind turbines for minimizing levelized cost of energy T. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2025.124386
- FLOWERS AEP: An Analytical Model for Wind Farm Layout Optimization M. LoCascio et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2954
- Optimization of Prefabricated Building Component Selection and Layout Based on an Improved Simulated Annealing Algorithm J. Wei https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2026.03.322
- Benchmarking Engineering Wake Models for Assessing Wind Farm Wakes Interaction R. Rodrigues & A. Moura https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3016/1/012045
- Achieving Power-Noise Balance in Wind Farms by Fine-Tuning the Layout with Reinforcement Learning G. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18185019
- Efficient wind farm layout optimization with the FLOWERS AEP model and analytic gradients M. LoCascio et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0237778
- Towards holistic wind farm design optimization: an integrated multidisciplinary approach N. Italiano et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/3/032082
- A geometry-guided genetic algorithm for integrated offshore wind farm layout and electrical cable routing optimization B. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.127895
- A multi-objective framework for wind farm layout optimization considering land area and performance uniformity H. Aghababaei & A. Jahangirian https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121460
- Gradient Descent Algorithm with Greedy Repositioning Using Power Deficit Aggregation of Wakes to Accelerate the Offshore Wind Farm Layout Optimization Problem in Irregular Concession Areas A. Gonzalez-Rodriguez et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142311331
- Inter-farm wake effect on layout optimization: Case study of standardized two-phase wind farms K. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.awe.2024.100021
- Optimizing the layout of floating wind farms in Crete: A combined LCOE and visual impact minimization N. Tsarknias et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2025.138645
- Leveraging Quantum Annealing for Layout Optimization L. Nigro et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qute.202500358
- Exploring the effectiveness of cell size criteria and comparison of nine recently developed metaheuristic algorithms for wind farm layout optimization A. Semnani et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-025-08028-6
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 15 Jun 2026
Short summary
Wind energy developers frequently have to face some spatial restrictions at the time of designing a new wind farm due to different reasons, such as the existence of protected natural areas around the wind farm location, fishing routes, and the presence of buildings. Wind farm design has to account for these restricted areas, but sometimes this is not straightforward to achieve. We have developed a methodology that allows for different inclusion and exclusion areas in the optimization framework.
Wind energy developers frequently have to face some spatial restrictions at the time of...
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