Dependence of wind-farm-induced gravity waves and wind farm performance on non-dimensional atmospheric parameters and simulation configuration

Khan, Mehtab Ahmed; Churchfield, Matthew J.; Watson, Simon J.

doi:10.5194/wes-11-1631-2026

Articles | Volume 11, issue 5

https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1631-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1631-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 11, issue 5

Research article

|

08 May 2026

Research article |

| 08 May 2026

Dependence of wind-farm-induced gravity waves and wind farm performance on non-dimensional atmospheric parameters and simulation configuration

Mehtab Ahmed Khan, Matthew J. Churchfield, and Simon J. Watson

Data sets

Supplementary data to publication: Dependence of wind-farm-induced gravity waves and wind farm performance on non-dimensional atmospheric parameters and simulation configuration (Data {\&} Code) M. Khan et al. https://doi.org/10.4121/d10f3eec-4363-4017-ad00-69136a801657.v1

Model code and software

Supplementary data to publication: Dependence of wind-farm-induced gravity waves and wind farm performance on non-dimensional atmospheric parameters and simulation configuration (Data {\&} Code) M. Khan et al. https://doi.org/10.4121/d10f3eec-4363-4017-ad00-69136a801657.v1

Short summary

This large-eddy simulation study identifies a realistic set-up for modeling wind-farm–atmosphere interactions, validates a method that minimizes non-physical gravity waves, and examines how real gravity waves and wind farm performance depend on non-dimensional parameters defining atmospheric stability and farm geometry. The results show how realistic and accurate modeling are critical to performance prediction.