Wind Energy Science
Wind Energy Science
WES
Articles | Volume 11, issue 5
Articles | Volume 11, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1631-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1631-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 11, issue 5
Research article
 | 
08 May 2026
Research article |  | 08 May 2026

Dependence of wind-farm-induced gravity waves and wind farm performance on non-dimensional atmospheric parameters and simulation configuration

Mehtab Ahmed Khan, Matthew J. Churchfield, and Simon J. Watson

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Short summary
This large-eddy simulation study identifies a realistic set-up for modeling wind-farm–atmosphere interactions, validates a method that minimizes non-physical gravity waves, and examines how real gravity waves and wind farm performance depend on non-dimensional parameters defining atmospheric stability and farm geometry. The results show how realistic and accurate modeling are critical to performance prediction.
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