Articles | Volume 11, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2749-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2749-2026
Review article
 | 
03 Aug 2026
Review article |  | 03 Aug 2026

Grand challenges in designing resilient wind energy systems in areas prone to tropical cyclones

Georgios Deskos, Jiali Wang, Sanjay Arwade, Murray Fisher, Brian Hirth, Xiaoli Guo Larsén, Julie K. Lundquist, Andrew Myers, Weichiang Pang, William J. Pringle, Robert Rogers, Miguel Sanchez-Gomez, Chao Sun, Atsushi Yamaguchi, and Paul Veers

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Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on wes-2026-32', Anonymous Referee #1, 06 Mar 2026
  • RC2: 'Comment on wes-2026-32', Anonymous Referee #2, 17 Mar 2026
  • AC1: 'Comment on wes-2026-32', Georgios Deskos, 08 May 2026
  • AC2: 'Responding to Reviewers' comments', Georgios Deskos, 08 May 2026

Peer review completion

AR – Author's response | RR – Referee report | ED – Editor decision | EF – Editorial file upload
AR by Georgios Deskos on behalf of the Authors (15 May 2026)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (25 Jun 2026) by Johan Arnqvist
RR by Anonymous Referee #2 (30 Jun 2026)
ED: Publish subject to technical corrections (01 Jul 2026) by Johan Arnqvist
ED: Publish subject to technical corrections (10 Jul 2026) by Jakob Mann (Chief editor)
AR by Georgios Deskos on behalf of the Authors (11 Jul 2026)  Author's response   Manuscript 
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Short summary
Wind energy is expanding into regions exposed to tropical cyclones, where extreme winds and waves can damage turbines and disrupt energy production. We reviewed observations, simulations, engineering standards, and risk quantification frameworks to identify the most important gaps. Today's design rules, originally built for milder storms, do not capture cyclone hazards. Closing these gaps requires better offshore measurements, improved models, and risk-informed design standards.
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