Articles | Volume 11, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2845-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2845-2026
Research article
 | 
07 Aug 2026
Research article |  | 07 Aug 2026

Validation of RANS-calibrated engineering models and ANN-based surrogate for wind farm flow simulation and layout optimization

Jens Peter Schøler, Ernestas Simutis, M. Paul van der Laan, Julian Quick, and Pierre-Elouan Réthoré

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Peer review completion

AR – Author's response | RR – Referee report | ED – Editor decision | EF – Editorial file upload
AR by Jens Peter Schøler on behalf of the Authors (18 Jun 2026)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (22 Jun 2026) by Xiaolei Yang
RR by Anonymous Referee #2 (30 Jun 2026)
ED: Publish as is (09 Jul 2026) by Xiaolei Yang
ED: Publish as is (13 Jul 2026) by Sandrine Aubrun (Chief editor)
AR by Jens Peter Schøler on behalf of the Authors (14 Jul 2026)
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Short summary
Wind turbines create wakes, which reduce downstream power. Optimizing turbine placement requires accounting for these reductions. We compared a neural network trained on numerical simulations against engineering wake models across various farm sizes. The neural network predicted flow most accurately but was slower. Surprisingly, a simple TurbOPark model produced layouts with higher validated energy output, suggesting that accuracy is not the only important metric for such models.
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