Articles | Volume 11, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-3077-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-3077-2026
Research article
 | 
27 Aug 2026
Research article |  | 27 Aug 2026

On the effects of bat protection strategies on energy production and structural loads of wind farms

Vasilis Pettas, Tuhfe Göçmen, Thomas Duc, Andreas Vad, and Antonina Vukobrat

Model code and software

WINPACT (Version v1.0.0) M. Gräfe et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17641606

Code repositories of the wind farm response framework and data preparation scripts as supplement for the journal publication ``Modeling wind farm response: a modular, integrated, and multi-stakeholder approach'' A. Vad et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18633504

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Short summary
Bat protection in wind farms can require temporarily stopping turbines, reducing energy production and affecting structural loading. We developed a data-driven method combining operational records, bat activity measurements, wind-farm flow modeling, and load models to estimate production impacts and long-term fatigue. In a French onshore case study, event-triggered curtailment reduced production losses relative to fixed schedules, while load impacts were small and depended on wind conditions.
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