Articles | Volume 11, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-3719-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-3719-2026
Research article
 | 
24 Sep 2026
Research article |  | 24 Sep 2026

SANDWake3D: a 3D parabolic RANS solver for atmospheric surface layers and turbine wakes

Lawrence Cheung, Prakash Mohan, Marc T. Henry de Frahan, Gopal R. Yalla, Alan Hsieh, Kenneth Brown, Nathaniel deVelder, Sam Kaufman-Martin, Marc Day, and Michael Sprague

Data sets

Active-wake mixing in atmospheric boundary layers with one-turbine arrays K. Brown et al. https://doi.org/10.13139/OLCF/3000779

Model code and software

kynema/kynema-sgf: v4.2.0 (Version v4.2.0) J. Rood et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22778632

sandialabs/SANDwake3D: Initial release (Version v0.1) lawrenceccheung et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22289207

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Short summary
Modeling turbine wakes is critical to maximizing wind farm energy production but is also challenging due to the complicated phenomena that must be accounted for, including wind shear, veer, atmospheric stratification, and overlapping wakes. Our work introduces a new, efficient method of modeling wakes which naturally captures these complex wake behaviors. We show that our wake modeling approach is as accurate as higher-fidelity methods, but with much less computational cost.
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