Wind Energy Science
Wind Energy Science
WES
Articles | Volume 6, issue 2
Articles | Volume 6, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-311-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-311-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 6, issue 2
Review article
 | 
05 Mar 2021
Review article |  | 05 Mar 2021

An overview of wind-energy-production prediction bias, losses, and uncertainties

Joseph C. Y. Lee and M. Jason Fields

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Short summary
This review paper evaluates the energy prediction bias in the wind resource assessment process, and the overprediction bias is decreasing over time. We examine the estimated and observed losses and uncertainties in energy production from the literature, according to the proposed framework in the International Electrotechnical Commission 61400-15 standard. The considerable uncertainties call for further improvements in the prediction methodologies and more observations for validation.
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