Wind Energy Science
Wind Energy Science
WES
Articles | Volume 7, issue 5
Articles | Volume 7, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-2039-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-2039-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 7, issue 5
Research article
 | 
18 Oct 2022
Research article |  | 18 Oct 2022

Flight trajectory optimization of Fly-Gen airborne wind energy systems through a harmonic balance method

Filippo Trevisi, Iván Castro-Fernández, Gregorio Pasquinelli, Carlo Emanuele Dionigi Riboldi, and Alessandro Croce

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Latest update: 10 Jul 2025
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Short summary
The optimal control problem for the flight trajectories of Fly-Gen AWESs is expressed with a novel methodology in the frequency domain through a harmonic balance formulation. The solution gives the optimal trajectory and the optimal control inputs. Optimal trajectories have a circular shape squashed along the vertical direction, and the optimal control inputs can be modeled with only one or two harmonics. Analytical approximations for optimal trajectory characteristics are also given.
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