Articles | Volume 7, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-801-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-801-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Artificial hard-substrate colonisation in the offshore Hywind Scotland Pilot Park
Environmental department, MMT Sweden AB, Gothenburg, 426 71, Sweden
Malin Tivefälth
Environmental department, MMT Sweden AB, Gothenburg, 426 71, Sweden
Iris Duranović
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Environmental department, MMT Sweden AB, Gothenburg, 426 71, Sweden
Svante Martinsson
Environmental department, MMT Sweden AB, Gothenburg, 426 71, Sweden
Ane Kjølhamar
Equinor ASA, Trondheim, 7053, Norway
Kari Mette Murvoll
Equinor ASA, Trondheim, 7053, Norway
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Cited
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Environmental considerations for the decommissioning of subsea cables M. Clare et al.
- A paradigm for understanding whole ecosystem effects of offshore wind farms in shelf seas N. Isaksson et al.
- Assessing, monitoring and mitigating the effects of offshore wind farms on biodiversity S. Watson et al.
- Venice’s macroalgae-derived active material for aqueous, organic, and solid-state supercapacitors A. Bagheri et al.
- Are perspex panels suitable surrogates for natural hard substrates in coastal ecological studies? An example from the low-diversity Baltic Sea A. Sokołowski et al.
- Do offshore wind farms promote the expansion and proliferation of non-indigenous invertebrate species? J. Dauvin
- DEVELOPMENT OF A SALTWATER-WAVE-CURRENT-FLUME WITH HOLDING TANK AND WATER TREATMENT PLANT C. Krautwald et al.
- Current knowledge and key gaps in understanding of offshore wind farm impacts on the physical marine environment A. Renner & S. Birchenough
- Defining ecological thresholds to detect potential ecological risks of offshore wind power using macrobenthic biodiversity and indicator species in Cangnan, China W. Han et al.
- Making eco-sustainable floating offshore wind farms: Siting, mitigations, and compensations R. Danovaro et al.
- A wind of change for soft-sediment infauna within operational offshore windfarms N. Lefaible et al.
- Assessing the potential impacts of floating Offshore Wind Farms on policy-relevant species: A case study in the Gulf of Roses, NW Mediterranean P. Wawrzynkowski et al.
- Potential marine benthic colonisers of offshore wind farms in the English channel: A functional trait-based approach K. Boutin et al.
- Spatio-temporal evolution and engineering implications of biofouling communities on floating wind turbines mooring lines A. Dubois et al.
- Ecological impacts of floating offshore wind on marine mammals and associated trophic interactions: current evidence and knowledge gaps C. Harris et al.
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Environmental considerations for the decommissioning of subsea cables M. Clare et al.
- A paradigm for understanding whole ecosystem effects of offshore wind farms in shelf seas N. Isaksson et al.
- Assessing, monitoring and mitigating the effects of offshore wind farms on biodiversity S. Watson et al.
- Venice’s macroalgae-derived active material for aqueous, organic, and solid-state supercapacitors A. Bagheri et al.
- Are perspex panels suitable surrogates for natural hard substrates in coastal ecological studies? An example from the low-diversity Baltic Sea A. Sokołowski et al.
- Do offshore wind farms promote the expansion and proliferation of non-indigenous invertebrate species? J. Dauvin
- DEVELOPMENT OF A SALTWATER-WAVE-CURRENT-FLUME WITH HOLDING TANK AND WATER TREATMENT PLANT C. Krautwald et al.
- Current knowledge and key gaps in understanding of offshore wind farm impacts on the physical marine environment A. Renner & S. Birchenough
- Defining ecological thresholds to detect potential ecological risks of offshore wind power using macrobenthic biodiversity and indicator species in Cangnan, China W. Han et al.
- Making eco-sustainable floating offshore wind farms: Siting, mitigations, and compensations R. Danovaro et al.
- A wind of change for soft-sediment infauna within operational offshore windfarms N. Lefaible et al.
- Assessing the potential impacts of floating Offshore Wind Farms on policy-relevant species: A case study in the Gulf of Roses, NW Mediterranean P. Wawrzynkowski et al.
- Potential marine benthic colonisers of offshore wind farms in the English channel: A functional trait-based approach K. Boutin et al.
- Spatio-temporal evolution and engineering implications of biofouling communities on floating wind turbines mooring lines A. Dubois et al.
- Ecological impacts of floating offshore wind on marine mammals and associated trophic interactions: current evidence and knowledge gaps C. Harris et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 11 May 2026
Short summary
Distinct zonations with their own fauna and flora were observed. Algae and blue mussels dominated the structures from the surface down to 20 m, with tube-building fan worms and plumose anemones as the main colonisers found below. The park is in its "intermediate stage" and moving towards the "climax stage", with anemones covering most of the structures. The study was conducted to investigate if a floating wind park has the same fauna and zonations observed on traditional non-floating wind parks.
Distinct zonations with their own fauna and flora were observed. Algae and blue mussels...
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