Articles | Volume 9, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-1105-2024
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-1105-2024
Research article
 | 
08 May 2024
Research article |  | 08 May 2024

Optimizing offshore wind export cable routing using GIS-based environmental heat maps

Joni Thomas Backstrom, Nicholas Mark Warden, and Colleen Marie Walsh

Related subject area

Thematic area: Electrical conversion, integration and impacts | Topic: Electrical conversion, grid integration, and Wind-to-X
A critical review of challenges and opportunities for the design and operation of offshore structures supporting renewable hydrogen production, storage, and transport
Claudio Alexis Rodríguez Castillo, Baran Yeter, Shen Li, Feargal Brennan, and Maurizio Collu
Wind Energ. Sci., 9, 533–554, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-533-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-533-2024, 2024
Short summary
Optimal position and distribution mode for on-site hydrogen electrolyzers in onshore wind farms for a minimal levelized cost of hydrogen (LCoH)
Thorsten Reichartz, Georg Jacobs, Tom Rathmes, Lucas Blickwedel, and Ralf Schelenz
Wind Energ. Sci., 9, 281–295, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-281-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-281-2024, 2024
Short summary
Electrostatic discharge impacts on the main shaft bearings of wind turbines
Jian Zhao, Xiangdong Xu, and Ola Carlson
Wind Energ. Sci., 8, 1809–1819, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-1809-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-1809-2023, 2023
Short summary

Cited articles

Abramic, A., García Mendoza, G., and Haroun, R.: Introducing offshore wind energy in the sea space: Canary Islands case study developed under Maritime Spatial Planning principles, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 145, 111119, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111119, 2021. 
Albert, L., Deschamps, F., Jolivet, A., Olivier, F., Chauvaud, L., and Chauvaud, S.: A current synthesis on the effects of electric and magnetic fields emitted by submarine power cables on invertebrates, Mar. Environ. Res., 159, 104958, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104958, 2020. 
Backstrom, J. T.: Storm-driven sedimentary changes on the shoreface of a nourished beach, Kure Beach, North Carolina, MS thesis, University of North Carolina Wilmington, United States, 49 pp., 2002. 
Bergstrom, L., Kautsky, L., Malm, T., Rosenberg R., Wahlberg M., Åstrand, N., Capetillo, A., and Dan Wilhelmsson, D.: Effects of Offshore Wind Farms on Marine Wildlife – A Generalized Impact Assessment, Environ. Res. Lett., 9, 1–12, 2014. 
Berkenhagen, J., Döring, R., Fock, H. O., Kloppmann, M. H. F., Pedersen, S. A., and Schulze, T.: Decision bias in marine spatial planning of offshore wind farms: Problems of singular versus cumulative assessments of economic impacts on fisheries, Mar. Policy, 34, 733–736, 2010. 
Download
Short summary
We used desktop studies, geographic information system mapping, modeling and environmental impact assessment techniques to identify optimal offshore wind cable routes for a proposed offshore wind energy area off the coast of North Carolina by navigating around sensitive or hazardous seabed areas.  Similar methods can be adopted by other offshore industries during early planning phases to improve consenting; reduce costs; and, importantly, minimize impacts on marine environments. 
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint