Articles | Volume 9, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-759-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-759-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
HyDesign: a tool for sizing optimization of grid-connected hybrid power plants including wind, solar photovoltaic, and lithium-ion batteries
Department of Wind and Energy Systems, Technical University of Denmark, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Hajar Habbou
Department of Wind and Energy Systems, Technical University of Denmark, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Mikkel Friis-Møller
Department of Wind and Energy Systems, Technical University of Denmark, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Megha Gupta
Department of Wind and Energy Systems, Technical University of Denmark, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Rujie Zhu
Department of Wind and Energy Systems, Technical University of Denmark, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Kaushik Das
Department of Wind and Energy Systems, Technical University of Denmark, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Related authors
Charbel Assaad, Juan Pablo Murcia Leon, Julian Quick, Tuhfe Göçmen, Sami Ghazouani, and Kaushik Das
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2024-96, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2024-96, 2024
Preprint under review for WES
Short summary
Short summary
This research develops a new method for assessing Hybrid Power Plants (HPPs) profitability, combining wind and battery systems. It addresses the need for an efficient, accurate, and comprehensive operational model by approximating a state-of-the-art Energy Management System (EMS) for spot market power bidding using machine learning. The approach significantly reduces computational demands while maintaining high accuracy. It thus opens new possibilities in terms of optimizing the design of HPPs.
Juan Felipe Céspedes Moreno, Juan Pablo Murcia León, and Søren Juhl Andersen
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2024-81, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2024-81, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for WES
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The use of a global base in a proper orthogonal decomposition provides a common base for analyzing flows, such as wind turbine wakes, across an entire parameter space. This can be used to compare flows with different conditions using the same physical interpretation. This work shows the convergence of the global base, its small error compared to the truncation error of 100 modes in the proper orthogonal decomposition, and the insensitivity to which datasets are included for generating it.
Søren Juhl Andersen and Juan Pablo Murcia Leon
Wind Energ. Sci., 7, 2117–2133, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-2117-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-2117-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Simulating the turbulent flow inside large wind farms is inherently complex and computationally expensive. A new and fast model is developed based on data from high-fidelity simulations. The model captures the flow dynamics with correct statistics for a wide range of flow conditions. The model framework provides physical insights and presents a generalization of high-fidelity simulation results beyond the case-specific scenarios, which has significant potential for future turbulence modeling.
Jana Fischereit, Kurt Schaldemose Hansen, Xiaoli Guo Larsén, Maarten Paul van der Laan, Pierre-Elouan Réthoré, and Juan Pablo Murcia Leon
Wind Energ. Sci., 7, 1069–1091, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1069-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1069-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Wind turbines extract kinetic energy from the flow to create electricity. This induces a wake of reduced wind speed downstream of a turbine and consequently downstream of a wind farm. Different types of numerical models have been developed to calculate this effect. In this study, we compared models of different complexity, together with measurements over two wind farms. We found that higher-fidelity models perform better and the considered rapid models cannot fully capture the wake effect.
Juan Pablo Murcia Leon, Matti Juhani Koivisto, Poul Sørensen, and Philippe Magnant
Wind Energ. Sci., 6, 461–476, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-461-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-461-2021, 2021
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Detailed wind generation simulations of the 2028 Belgian offshore fleet are performed in order to quantify the distribution and extremes of power fluctuations in several time windows. A model validation with respect to the operational data of the 2018 fleet shows that the methodology presented in this article is able to capture the distribution of wind power and its spatiotemporal characteristics. The results show that the standardized generation ramps are expected to be reduced in the future.
Andreas Bechmann, Juan Pablo M. Leon, Bjarke T. Olsen, and Yavor V. Hristov
Wind Energ. Sci., 5, 1679–1688, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-1679-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-1679-2020, 2020
Short summary
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When assessing wind resources for wind farm development, the first step is to measure the wind from tall meteorological masts. As met masts are expensive, they are not built at every planned wind turbine position but sparsely while trying to minimize the distance. However, this paper shows that it is better to focus on the
similaritybetween the met mast and the wind turbines than the distance. Met masts at similar positions reduce the uncertainty of wind resource assessments significantly.
Charbel Assaad, Juan Pablo Murcia Leon, Julian Quick, Tuhfe Göçmen, Sami Ghazouani, and Kaushik Das
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2024-96, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2024-96, 2024
Preprint under review for WES
Short summary
Short summary
This research develops a new method for assessing Hybrid Power Plants (HPPs) profitability, combining wind and battery systems. It addresses the need for an efficient, accurate, and comprehensive operational model by approximating a state-of-the-art Energy Management System (EMS) for spot market power bidding using machine learning. The approach significantly reduces computational demands while maintaining high accuracy. It thus opens new possibilities in terms of optimizing the design of HPPs.
Juan Felipe Céspedes Moreno, Juan Pablo Murcia León, and Søren Juhl Andersen
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2024-81, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2024-81, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for WES
Short summary
Short summary
The use of a global base in a proper orthogonal decomposition provides a common base for analyzing flows, such as wind turbine wakes, across an entire parameter space. This can be used to compare flows with different conditions using the same physical interpretation. This work shows the convergence of the global base, its small error compared to the truncation error of 100 modes in the proper orthogonal decomposition, and the insensitivity to which datasets are included for generating it.
Javier Criado Risco, Rafael Valotta Rodrigues, Mikkel Friis-Møller, Julian Quick, Mads Mølgaard Pedersen, and Pierre-Elouan Réthoré
Wind Energ. Sci., 9, 585–600, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-585-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-585-2024, 2024
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Wind energy developers frequently have to face some spatial restrictions at the time of designing a new wind farm due to different reasons, such as the existence of protected natural areas around the wind farm location, fishing routes, and the presence of buildings. Wind farm design has to account for these restricted areas, but sometimes this is not straightforward to achieve. We have developed a methodology that allows for different inclusion and exclusion areas in the optimization framework.
Julian Quick, Pierre-Elouan Rethore, Mads Mølgaard Pedersen, Rafael Valotta Rodrigues, and Mikkel Friis-Møller
Wind Energ. Sci., 8, 1235–1250, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-1235-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-1235-2023, 2023
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Wind turbine positions are often optimized to avoid wake losses. These losses depend on atmospheric conditions, such as the wind speed and direction. The typical optimization scheme involves discretizing the atmospheric inputs, then considering every possible set of these discretized inputs in every optimization iteration. This work presents stochastic gradient descent (SGD) as an alternative, which randomly samples the atmospheric conditions during every optimization iteration.
Søren Juhl Andersen and Juan Pablo Murcia Leon
Wind Energ. Sci., 7, 2117–2133, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-2117-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-2117-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Simulating the turbulent flow inside large wind farms is inherently complex and computationally expensive. A new and fast model is developed based on data from high-fidelity simulations. The model captures the flow dynamics with correct statistics for a wide range of flow conditions. The model framework provides physical insights and presents a generalization of high-fidelity simulation results beyond the case-specific scenarios, which has significant potential for future turbulence modeling.
Jana Fischereit, Kurt Schaldemose Hansen, Xiaoli Guo Larsén, Maarten Paul van der Laan, Pierre-Elouan Réthoré, and Juan Pablo Murcia Leon
Wind Energ. Sci., 7, 1069–1091, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1069-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1069-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Wind turbines extract kinetic energy from the flow to create electricity. This induces a wake of reduced wind speed downstream of a turbine and consequently downstream of a wind farm. Different types of numerical models have been developed to calculate this effect. In this study, we compared models of different complexity, together with measurements over two wind farms. We found that higher-fidelity models perform better and the considered rapid models cannot fully capture the wake effect.
Juan Pablo Murcia Leon, Matti Juhani Koivisto, Poul Sørensen, and Philippe Magnant
Wind Energ. Sci., 6, 461–476, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-461-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-461-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Detailed wind generation simulations of the 2028 Belgian offshore fleet are performed in order to quantify the distribution and extremes of power fluctuations in several time windows. A model validation with respect to the operational data of the 2018 fleet shows that the methodology presented in this article is able to capture the distribution of wind power and its spatiotemporal characteristics. The results show that the standardized generation ramps are expected to be reduced in the future.
Matti Koivisto, Juan Gea-Bermúdez, Polyneikis Kanellas, Kaushik Das, and Poul Sørensen
Wind Energ. Sci., 5, 1705–1712, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-1705-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-1705-2020, 2020
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Several energy system scenarios towards 2050 for the North Sea region are analysed. With a focus on offshore wind, the impacts of meshed offshore grid and sector coupling are studied. The results show that the introduction of a meshed grid can increase offshore wind power installations by around 10 GW towards 2050. However, sector coupling is expected to increase offshore wind power installations by tens of gigawatts.
Andreas Bechmann, Juan Pablo M. Leon, Bjarke T. Olsen, and Yavor V. Hristov
Wind Energ. Sci., 5, 1679–1688, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-1679-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-1679-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
When assessing wind resources for wind farm development, the first step is to measure the wind from tall meteorological masts. As met masts are expensive, they are not built at every planned wind turbine position but sparsely while trying to minimize the distance. However, this paper shows that it is better to focus on the
similaritybetween the met mast and the wind turbines than the distance. Met masts at similar positions reduce the uncertainty of wind resource assessments significantly.
Related subject area
Thematic area: Wind technologies | Topic: Systems engineering
Designing wind turbines for profitability in the day-ahead market
Aerodynamic effects of leading-edge erosion in wind farm flow modeling
Control co-design optimization of floating offshore wind turbines with tuned liquid multi-column dampers
Knowledge engineering for wind energy
Drivers for optimum sizing of wind turbines for offshore wind farms
The eco-conscious wind turbine: design beyond purely economic metrics
A comparison of eight optimization methods applied to a wind farm layout optimization problem
Optimization of wind farm operation with a noise constraint
Flutter behavior of highly flexible blades for two- and three-bladed wind turbines
Mihir Kishore Mehta, Michiel Zaaijer, and Dominic von Terzi
Wind Energ. Sci., 9, 2283–2300, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-2283-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-2283-2024, 2024
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In a subsidy-free era, there is a need to optimize wind turbines for maximizing farm revenue instead of minimizing cost of energy. A wind-farm-level modeling framework with a simplified market model is used to optimize the turbine size for maximum profitability. The results show that the optimum size is driven mainly by the choice of the economic metric and the market price scenario, with a design optimized for the cost of energy already performing well w.r.t. most profitability-based metrics
Jens Visbech, Tuhfe Göçmen, Özge Sinem Özçakmak, Alexander Meyer Forsting, Ásta Hannesdóttir, and Pierre-Elouan Réthoré
Wind Energ. Sci., 9, 1811–1826, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-1811-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-1811-2024, 2024
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Leading-edge erosion (LEE) can impact wind turbine aerodynamics and wind farm efficiency. This study couples LEE prediction, aerodynamic loss modeling, and wind farm flow modeling to show that LEE's effects on wake dynamics can affect overall energy production. Without preventive initiatives, the effects of LEE increase over time, resulting in significant annual energy production (AEP) loss.
Wei Yu, Sheng Tao Zhou, Frank Lemmer, and Po Wen Cheng
Wind Energ. Sci., 9, 1053–1068, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-1053-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-1053-2024, 2024
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Integrating a tuned liquid multi-column damping (TLMCD) into a floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) is challenging. The synergy between the TLMCD, the turbine controller, and substructure dynamics affects the FOWT's performance and cost. A control co-design optimization framework is developed to optimize the substructure, the TLMCD, and the blade pitch controller simultaneously. The results show that the optimization can significantly enhance FOWT system performance.
Yuriy Marykovskiy, Thomas Clark, Justin Day, Marcus Wiens, Charles Henderson, Julian Quick, Imad Abdallah, Anna Maria Sempreviva, Jean-Paul Calbimonte, Eleni Chatzi, and Sarah Barber
Wind Energ. Sci., 9, 883–917, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-883-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-883-2024, 2024
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This paper delves into the crucial task of transforming raw data into actionable knowledge which can be used by advanced artificial intelligence systems – a challenge that spans various domains, industries, and scientific fields amid their digital transformation journey. This article underscores the significance of cross-industry collaboration and learning, drawing insights from sectors leading in digitalisation, and provides strategic guidance for further development in this area.
Mihir Mehta, Michiel Zaaijer, and Dominic von Terzi
Wind Energ. Sci., 9, 141–163, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-141-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-141-2024, 2024
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Turbines are becoming larger. However, it is important to understand the key drivers of turbine design and explore the possibility of a global optimum, beyond which further upscaling might not reduce the cost of energy. This study explores, for a typical farm, the entire turbine design space with respect to rated power and rotor diameter. The results show a global optimum that is subject to various modeling uncertainties, farm design conditions, and policies with respect to wind farm tendering.
Helena Canet, Adrien Guilloré, and Carlo L. Bottasso
Wind Energ. Sci., 8, 1029–1047, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-1029-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-1029-2023, 2023
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We propose a new approach to design that aims at optimal trade-offs between economic and environmental goals. New environmental metrics are defined, which quantify impacts in terms of CO2-equivalent emissions produced by the turbine over its entire life cycle. For some typical onshore installations in Germany, results indicate that a 1 % increase in the cost of energy can buy about a 5 % decrease in environmental impacts: a small loss for the individual can lead to larger gains for society.
Jared J. Thomas, Nicholas F. Baker, Paul Malisani, Erik Quaeghebeur, Sebastian Sanchez Perez-Moreno, John Jasa, Christopher Bay, Federico Tilli, David Bieniek, Nick Robinson, Andrew P. J. Stanley, Wesley Holt, and Andrew Ning
Wind Energ. Sci., 8, 865–891, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-865-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-865-2023, 2023
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This work compares eight optimization algorithms (including gradient-based, gradient-free, and hybrid) on a wind farm optimization problem with 4 discrete regions, concave boundaries, and 81 wind turbines. Algorithms were each run by researchers experienced with that algorithm. Optimized layouts were unique but with similar annual energy production. Common characteristics included tightly-spaced turbines on the outer perimeter and turbines loosely spaced and roughly on a grid in the interior.
Camilla Marie Nyborg, Andreas Fischer, Pierre-Elouan Réthoré, and Ju Feng
Wind Energ. Sci., 8, 255–276, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-255-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-255-2023, 2023
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Our article presents a way of optimizing the wind farm operation by keeping the emitted noise level below a defined limit while maximizing the power output. This is done by switching between noise reducing operational modes. The method has been developed by using two different noise models, one more advanced than the other, to study the advantages of each model. Furthermore, the optimization method is applied to different wind farm cases.
Mayank Chetan, Shulong Yao, and D. Todd Griffith
Wind Energ. Sci., 7, 1731–1751, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1731-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1731-2022, 2022
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Though large wind turbines are appealing to reduce costs, larger blades are prone to aero-elastic instabilities due to their long, slender, highly flexible nature. New rotor concepts are emerging including two-bladed rotors and downwind configurations. We introduce a comprehensive evaluation of flutter behavior including classical flutter and edgewise vibration for large-scale two-bladed rotors. The study aims to provide designers with insights to mitigate flutter in future designs.
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Short summary
A methodology for an early design of hybrid power plants (wind, solar, PV, and Li-ion battery storage) consisting of a nested optimization that sizes the components and internal operation optimization. Traditional designs that minimize the levelized cost of energy give worse business cases and do not include storage. Optimal operation balances the increasing revenues and faster battery degradation. Battery degradation and replacement costs are needed to estimate the viability of hybrid projects.
A methodology for an early design of hybrid power plants (wind, solar, PV, and Li-ion battery...
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