Articles | Volume 11, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-3273-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-3273-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
07 Sep 2026
Research article |
| 07 Sep 2026
| 07 Sep 2026
Annual wake impacts in and between wind farm clusters – Part 1: WRF-simulated wake losses for different atmospheric conditions
Sara Porchetta
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 1-290, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, 1640 Sint-Genesius-Rode, Belgium
Wim Munters
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, 1640 Sint-Genesius-Rode, Belgium
Maxime Lejeune
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, 1640 Sint-Genesius-Rode, Belgium
Ruben Borgers
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Sophia Buckingham
ENGIE Laborelec, 1630 Linkebeek, Belgium
Michael F. Howland
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 1-290, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Wake steering control, in which turbines are intentionally misaligned with the incident wind, has demonstrated potential to increase wind farm energy. We investigate wake steering control methods in simulations of a wind farm operating in the terrestrial diurnal cycle. We develop a statistical wind direction forecast to improve wake steering in flows with time-varying states. Closed-loop wake steering control increases wind farm energy production, compared to baseline and open-loop control.
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Short summary
This study examines how a newly built offshore wind farm affects the power production of nearby existing wind farms. Using a full year of simulations, we compare detailed weather-based models with faster simplified models. The results show clear differences in predicted power losses, especially during calm summer conditions, highlighting the importance of model choice for future offshore wind farm planning and design.
This study examines how a newly built offshore wind farm affects the power production of nearby...
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