Articles | Volume 11, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-4179-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-4179-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
11 Nov 2026
Research article |
| 11 Nov 2026
| 11 Nov 2026
Validating wind farm parameterizations with offshore SCADA data
Balthazar Arnoldus Maria Sengers
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Fraunhofer IWES, Küpkersweg 70, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
Lukas Vollmer
Fraunhofer IWES, Küpkersweg 70, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
Martin Dörenkämper
Fraunhofer IWES, Küpkersweg 70, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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Balthazar Arnoldus Maria Sengers, Gerald Steinfeld, Paul Hulsman, and Martin Kühn
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We propose that considering large-scale wind direction changes in the computation of wind farm cluster wakes is of high relevance. Consequently, we present a new solution for engineering modeling tools that accounts for the effect of such changes in the propagation of wakes. The new model is evaluated with satellite data in the German Bight area. It has the potential to reduce uncertainty in applications such as site assessment and short-term power forecasting.
Markus Sommerfeld, Martin Dörenkämper, Jochem De Schutter, and Curran Crawford
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Tuhfe Göçmen, Filippo Campagnolo, Thomas Duc, Irene Eguinoa, Søren Juhl Andersen, Vlaho Petrović, Lejla Imširović, Robert Braunbehrens, Jaime Liew, Mads Baungaard, Maarten Paul van der Laan, Guowei Qian, Maria Aparicio-Sanchez, Rubén González-Lope, Vinit V. Dighe, Marcus Becker, Maarten J. van den Broek, Jan-Willem van Wingerden, Adam Stock, Matthew Cole, Renzo Ruisi, Ervin Bossanyi, Niklas Requate, Simon Strnad, Jonas Schmidt, Lukas Vollmer, Ishaan Sood, and Johan Meyers
Wind Energ. Sci., 7, 1791–1825, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1791-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1791-2022, 2022
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The FarmConners benchmark is the first of its kind to bring a wide variety of data sets, control settings, and model complexities for the (initial) assessment of wind farm flow control benefits. Here we present the first part of the benchmark results for three blind tests with large-scale rotors and 11 participating models in total, via direct power comparisons at the turbines as well as the observed or estimated power gain at the wind farm level under wake steering control strategy.
Balthazar Arnoldus Maria Sengers, Matthias Zech, Pim Jacobs, Gerald Steinfeld, and Martin Kühn
Wind Energ. Sci., 7, 1455–1470, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1455-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1455-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Wake steering aims to redirect the wake away from a downstream turbine. This study explores the potential of a data-driven surrogate model whose equations can be interpreted physically. It estimates wake characteristics from measurable input variables by utilizing a simple linear model. The model shows encouraging results in estimating available power in the far wake, with significant improvements over currently used analytical models in conditions where wake steering is deemed most effective.
Beatriz Cañadillas, Maximilian Beckenbauer, Juan J. Trujillo, Martin Dörenkämper, Richard Foreman, Thomas Neumann, and Astrid Lampert
Wind Energ. Sci., 7, 1241–1262, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1241-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1241-2022, 2022
Short summary
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Scanning lidar measurements combined with meteorological sensors and mesoscale simulations reveal the strong directional and stability dependence of the wake strength in the direct vicinity of wind farm clusters.
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Short summary
This work compared parameterizations used in mesoscale models to estimate wind energy production against operational data from several offshore sites. Results showed differences of about 5%, with higher resolution reducing generated power due to stronger wakes. One approach best reproduced key aspects of wind farm performance. Overall, results underline known limitations but confirm that these models are useful for estimating wind farm performance.
This work compared parameterizations used in mesoscale models to estimate wind energy production...
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