Articles | Volume 5, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-561-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-561-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Generic characterization of electrical test benches for AC- and HVDC-connected wind power plants
Department of DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Ömer Göksu
Department of DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Vahan Gevorgian
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
Poul Ejnar Sørensen
Department of DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Mark O'Malley, Hannele Holttinen, Nicolaos Cutululis, Til Kristian Vrana, Jennifer King, Vahan Gevorgian, Xiongfei Wang, Fatemeh Rajaei-Najafabadi, and Andreas Hadjileonidas
Wind Energ. Sci., 9, 2087–2112, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-2087-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-2087-2024, 2024
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The rising share of wind power poses challenges to cost-effective integration while ensuring reliability. Balancing the needs of the power system and contributions of wind power is crucial for long-term value. Research should prioritize wind power advantages over competitors, focussing on internal challenges. Collaboration with other technologies is essential for addressing the fundamental objectives of power systems – maintaining reliable supply–demand balance at the lowest cost.
Juan Pablo Murcia Leon, Matti Juhani Koivisto, Poul Sørensen, and Philippe Magnant
Wind Energ. Sci., 6, 461–476, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-461-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-461-2021, 2021
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Detailed wind generation simulations of the 2028 Belgian offshore fleet are performed in order to quantify the distribution and extremes of power fluctuations in several time windows. A model validation with respect to the operational data of the 2018 fleet shows that the methodology presented in this article is able to capture the distribution of wind power and its spatiotemporal characteristics. The results show that the standardized generation ramps are expected to be reduced in the future.
Matti Koivisto, Juan Gea-Bermúdez, Polyneikis Kanellas, Kaushik Das, and Poul Sørensen
Wind Energ. Sci., 5, 1705–1712, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-1705-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-1705-2020, 2020
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Several energy system scenarios towards 2050 for the North Sea region are analysed. With a focus on offshore wind, the impacts of meshed offshore grid and sector coupling are studied. The results show that the introduction of a meshed grid can increase offshore wind power installations by around 10 GW towards 2050. However, sector coupling is expected to increase offshore wind power installations by tens of gigawatts.
Related subject area
Electricity conversion, forecasting, grid & market integration
Power fluctuations in high-installation- density offshore wind fleets
Future economic perspective and potential revenue of non-subsidized wind turbines in Germany
Characterisation of intra-hourly wind power ramps at the wind farm scale and associated processes
North Sea region energy system towards 2050: integrated offshore grid and sector coupling drive offshore wind power installations
Comparison of electrical collection topologies for multi-rotor wind turbines
Ancillary services from wind turbines: automatic generation control (AGC) from a single Type 4 turbine
Feasibility study for 100 % renewable energy microgrids in Switzerland
Field-test of wind turbine by voltage source converter
The super-turbine wind power conversion paradox: using machine learning to reduce errors caused by Jensen's inequality
Very short-term forecast of near-coastal flow using scanning lidars
Juan Pablo Murcia Leon, Matti Juhani Koivisto, Poul Sørensen, and Philippe Magnant
Wind Energ. Sci., 6, 461–476, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-461-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-461-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Detailed wind generation simulations of the 2028 Belgian offshore fleet are performed in order to quantify the distribution and extremes of power fluctuations in several time windows. A model validation with respect to the operational data of the 2018 fleet shows that the methodology presented in this article is able to capture the distribution of wind power and its spatiotemporal characteristics. The results show that the standardized generation ramps are expected to be reduced in the future.
Lucas Blickwedel, Freia Harzendorf, Ralf Schelenz, and Georg Jacobs
Wind Energ. Sci., 6, 177–190, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-177-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-177-2021, 2021
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Revenues from the operation of wind turbines in Germany will be insecure in the future due to the expiration of federal support. Alternative ways of selling electricity are usually based on exchange prices. Therefore, the long-term revenue potential of wind turbines is assessed based on levelized revenue of energy (LROE), using a new forecasting model and open-source data. Results show how different expansion scenarios and emission prices may affect profitability of future plants.
Mathieu Pichault, Claire Vincent, Grant Skidmore, and Jason Monty
Wind Energ. Sci., 6, 131–147, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-131-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-131-2021, 2021
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This paper assesses the behaviour and causality of sudden variations in wind power generation over a short period of time, also called "ramp events". It is shown, amongst other things, that ramps at the study site are mostly associated with frontal activity. Overall, the research contributes to a better understanding of the drivers and behaviours of wind power ramps at the wind farm scale, beneficial to ramp forecasting and ramp modelling.
Matti Koivisto, Juan Gea-Bermúdez, Polyneikis Kanellas, Kaushik Das, and Poul Sørensen
Wind Energ. Sci., 5, 1705–1712, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-1705-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-1705-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Several energy system scenarios towards 2050 for the North Sea region are analysed. With a focus on offshore wind, the impacts of meshed offshore grid and sector coupling are studied. The results show that the introduction of a meshed grid can increase offshore wind power installations by around 10 GW towards 2050. However, sector coupling is expected to increase offshore wind power installations by tens of gigawatts.
Paul Pirrie, David Campos-Gaona, and Olimpo Anaya-Lara
Wind Energ. Sci., 5, 1237–1252, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-1237-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-1237-2020, 2020
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Multi-rotor wind turbines are an innovative solution to achieving cost-effective large-scale wind turbines. They utilize a large number of small rotors connected to one support structure instead of one large rotor. Benefits include reduction in cost, transport and installation simplicity, modular design, and standardization. This work compares different electrical systems in terms of cost, mass and efficiency and finds a star-type system (each rotor has its own cable) to be the most suitable.
Eldrich Rebello, David Watson, and Marianne Rodgers
Wind Energ. Sci., 5, 225–236, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-225-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-225-2020, 2020
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As more electrical energy is generated by wind turbines, older generation technologies such as coal and gas are being displaced. This situation presents a challenge in the sense that the additional services once provided by fossil generators must now be sourced from elsewhere. Our work provides real-world data showing the capabilities of wind generators in providing the specific service of secondary frequency regulation (automatic generation control, AGC).
Sarah Barber, Simon Boller, and Henrik Nordborg
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2019-97, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2019-97, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
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The growing worldwide level of renewable power generation requires innovative solutions to maintain grid reliability and stability. In this work, twelve sites in Switzerland are chosen for a 100 % renewable energy microgrid feasibility study. For all of these sites, a combination of wind and PV performs consistently better than wind only and PV only. Five of the sites are found to be potentially economically viable, if investors would be prepared to make extra investments of 0.05–0.2 $/kWh.
Nicolás Espinoza and Ola Carlson
Wind Energ. Sci., 4, 465–477, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-465-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-465-2019, 2019
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An important design criterion for the electric drive system of a wind turbine is the fulfilment of grid codes given by transmission system operators. The grid codes state how wind turbines/farms must behave when connected to the grid in normal and abnormal conditions. A type of testing equipment that comprises the use of fully-rated voltage source converter in back-to-back configuration for grid code testing is proposed. Test results of a 4 MW wind turbine and an 8 MW test equipment are shown.
Tyler C. McCandless and Sue Ellen Haupt
Wind Energ. Sci., 4, 343–353, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-343-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-343-2019, 2019
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Often in wind power forecasting the mean wind speed is forecasted at a plant, converted to power, and multiplied by the number of turbines to predict the plant's generating capacity. This methodology ignores the variability among turbines caused by localized weather, terrain, and array orientation. We show that the wind farm mean wind speed approach for power conversion is impacted by Jensen's inequality, quantify the differences, and show machine learning can overcome these differences.
Laura Valldecabres, Alfredo Peña, Michael Courtney, Lueder von Bremen, and Martin Kühn
Wind Energ. Sci., 3, 313–327, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-313-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-313-2018, 2018
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This paper focuses on the use of scanning lidars for very short-term forecasting of wind speeds in a near-coastal area. An extensive data set of offshore lidar measurements up to 6 km has been used for this purpose. Using dual-doppler measurements, the topographic characteristics of the area have been modelled. Assuming Taylor's frozen turbulence and applying the topographic corrections, we demonstrate that we can forecast wind speeds with more accuracy than the benchmarks persistence or ARIMA.
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Short summary
This research paper proposes a generic structure of electrical test benches and a novel categorization of test options for experimental analysis of wind turbines and wind power plants. The new proposed test structure would concern the increasing challenges in wind power integration and control including reliability, stability, harmonic interactions, and control performance of WPPs in connection to different types of AC and HVDC transmission systems.
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