Articles | Volume 8, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-865-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-865-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
A comparison of eight optimization methods applied to a wind farm layout optimization problem
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
Nicholas F. Baker
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
Paul Malisani
Applied Mathematics Department, IFP Energies nouvelles, 1 et 4 avenue de Bois-Préau, 92852 Rueil-Malmaison, France
Erik Quaeghebeur
Uncertainty in AI Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, the Netherlands
Sebastian Sanchez Perez-Moreno
RWE Renewables GmbH, 20354 Hamburg, Germany
John Jasa
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
Christopher Bay
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
Federico Tilli
TU Delft, 2628 CD Delft, Netherlands
David Bieniek
RWE Renewables GmbH, 20354 Hamburg, Germany
Nick Robinson
UL Renewables, British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
Andrew P. J. Stanley
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
Wesley Holt
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
Andrew Ning
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
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Michael J. LoCascio, Christopher J. Bay, Majid Bastankhah, Garrett E. Barter, Paul A. Fleming, and Luis A. Martínez-Tossas
Wind Energ. Sci., 7, 1137–1151, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1137-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1137-2022, 2022
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Andrew P. J. Stanley, Christopher Bay, Rafael Mudafort, and Paul Fleming
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Jared J. Thomas, Christopher J. Bay, Andrew P. J. Stanley, and Andrew Ning
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Andrew P. J. Stanley, Jennifer King, Christopher Bay, and Andrew Ning
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Wind farm layout optimization is an essential part of wind farm design. In this paper, we present different methods to determine the number of turbines in a wind farm, as well as their placement. Also in this paper we explore the effect that the objective function has on the wind farm design and found that wind farm layout is highly sensitive to the objective. The optimal number of turbines can vary greatly, from 15 to 54 for the cases in this paper, depending on the metric that is optimized.
Erik Quaeghebeur, René Bos, and Michiel B. Zaaijer
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We present a technique to support the optimal layout (placement) of wind turbines in a wind farm. It efficiently determines good directions and distances for moving turbines. An improved layout reduces production losses and so makes the farm project economically more attractive. Compared to most existing techniques, our approach requires less time. This allows wind farm designers to explore more alternatives and provides the flexibility to adapt the layout to site-specific requirements.
Alayna Farrell, Jennifer King, Caroline Draxl, Rafael Mudafort, Nicholas Hamilton, Christopher J. Bay, Paul Fleming, and Eric Simley
Wind Energ. Sci., 6, 737–758, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-737-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-737-2021, 2021
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Most current wind turbine wake models struggle to accurately simulate spatially variant wind conditions at a low computational cost. In this paper, we present an adaptation of NREL's FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady State (FLORIS) wake model, which calculates wake losses in a heterogeneous flow field using local weather measurement inputs. Two validation studies are presented where the adapted model consistently outperforms previous versions of FLORIS that simulated uniform flow only.
Jennifer King, Paul Fleming, Ryan King, Luis A. Martínez-Tossas, Christopher J. Bay, Rafael Mudafort, and Eric Simley
Wind Energ. Sci., 6, 701–714, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-701-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-701-2021, 2021
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This paper highlights the secondary effects of wake steering, including yaw-added wake recovery and secondary steering. These effects enhance the value of wake steering especially when applied to a large wind farm. This paper models these secondary effects using an analytical model proposed in the paper. The results of this model are compared with large-eddy simulations for several cases including 2-turbine, 3-turbine, 5-turbine, and 38-turbine cases.
Luis A. Martínez-Tossas, Jennifer King, Eliot Quon, Christopher J. Bay, Rafael Mudafort, Nicholas Hamilton, Michael F. Howland, and Paul A. Fleming
Wind Energ. Sci., 6, 555–570, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-555-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-555-2021, 2021
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In this paper a three-dimensional steady-state solver for flow through a wind farm is developed and validated. The computational cost of the solver is on the order of seconds for large wind farms. The model is validated using high-fidelity simulations and SCADA.
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Short summary
This work compares eight optimization algorithms (including gradient-based, gradient-free, and hybrid) on a wind farm optimization problem with 4 discrete regions, concave boundaries, and 81 wind turbines. Algorithms were each run by researchers experienced with that algorithm. Optimized layouts were unique but with similar annual energy production. Common characteristics included tightly-spaced turbines on the outer perimeter and turbines loosely spaced and roughly on a grid in the interior.
This work compares eight optimization algorithms (including gradient-based, gradient-free, and...
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