Articles | Volume 10, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2161-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2161-2025
Research article
 | 
13 Oct 2025
Research article |  | 13 Oct 2025

Kite as a sensor: wind and state estimation in tethered flying systems

Oriol Cayon, Simon Watson, and Roland Schmehl

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Translational Dynamics of Bridled Kites: A Reduced-Order Model in the Course Reference Frame
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Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., 10.5194/wes-2025-205,10.5194/wes-2025-205, 2025
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Cited articles

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Blevins, R. D.: Applied fluid dynamics handbook, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY, ISBN 978-1575241821, 1984. a
Bootle, W. J.: Forces on an inclined circular cylinder in supercritical flow, AIAA J., 9, 514–516, https://doi.org/10.2514/3.6213, 1971. a
Borobia, R., Sanchez-Arriaga, G., Serino, A., and Schmehl, R.: Flight-Path Reconstruction and Flight Test of Four-Line Power Kites, J. Guid. Control Dynam., 41, 2604–2614, https://doi.org/10.2514/1.G003581, 2018. a, b, c
Borobia-Moreno, R., Ramiro-Rebollo, D., Schmehl, R., and Sánchez-Arriaga, G.: Identification of kite aerodynamic characteristics using the estimation before modeling technique, Wind Energy, 24, 596–608, https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2591, 2021. a, b, c, d, e
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Short summary
This study demonstrates how kites used to generate wind energy can act as sensors to measure wind conditions and system behaviour. By combining data from existing sensors, such as those measuring position, speed, and forces on the tether, a sensor fusion technique accurately estimates wind conditions and kite performance. This approach can be integrated into control systems to help optimize energy generation and enhance the reliability of these systems under changing wind conditions.
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