WES - Most downloaded

17 Feb 2026

Impact of atmospheric turbulence on performance and loads of wind turbines: knowledge gaps and research challenges

Branko Kosović, Sukanta Basu, Jacob Berg, Larry K. Berg, Sue E. Haupt, Xiaoli G. Larsén, Joachim Peinke, Richard J. A. M. Stevens, Paul Veers, and Simon Watson

Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 509–555, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-509-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-509-2026, 2026 | 8,423 views

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13 Oct 2025

Kite as a sensor: wind and state estimation in tethered flying systems

Oriol Cayon, Simon Watson, and Roland Schmehl

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2161–2188, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2161-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2161-2025, 2025 | 6,105 views

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18 Jun 2026

Condition monitoring of wind turbine drivetrains: state-of-the-art technologies, recent trends, and future outlook

Kayacan Kestel, Xavier Chesterman, Donatella Zappalá, Simon Watson, Mingxin Li, Edward Hart, James Carroll, Yolanda Vidal, Amir R. Nejad, Shawn Sheng, Yi Guo, Matthias Stammler, Florian Wirsing, Ahmed Saleh, Nico Gregarek, Thao Baszenski, Thomas Decker, Martin Knops, Georg Jacobs, Benjamin Lehmann, Florian König, Ines Pereira, Pieter-Jan Daems, Cédric Peeters, and Jan Helsen

Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 2103–2155, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2103-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2103-2026, 2026 | 5,765 views

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30 Mar 2026

Floating offshore wind in Japan: addressing the challenges, efforts, and research gaps for large-scale commercialization

Ryota Wada, Amir R. Nejad, Kazuhiro Iijima, Junji Shimazaki, Mihaela Ibrion, Shinnosuke Wanaka, Hideo Nomura, Yoshitaka Mizushima, Takuya Nakashima, and Ken Takagi

Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 1013–1056, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1013-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1013-2026, 2026 | 5,751 views

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12 Sep 2025

Output-constrained individual pitch control methods using the multiblade coordinate transformation: trading off actuation effort and blade fatigue load reduction for wind turbines

Jesse I. S. Hummel, Jens Kober, and Sebastiaan P. Mulders

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2005–2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2005-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2005-2025, 2025 | 5,159 views

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27 Nov 2025

Evaluating the impact of motion compensation on turbulence intensity measurements from continuous-wave and pulsed floating lidars

Warren Watson, Gerrit Wolken-Möhlmann, and Julia Gottschall

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2791–2820, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2791-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2791-2025, 2025 | 5,044 views

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12 Sep 2025

Multi-task learning long short-term memory model to emulate wind turbine blade dynamics

Shubham Baisthakur and Breiffni Fitzgerald

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 1979–2004, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1979-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1979-2025, 2025 | 5,011 views

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01 Dec 2025

JHTDB-wind: a web-accessible large-eddy simulation database of a wind farm with virtual sensor querying

Xiaowei Zhu, Shuolin Xiao, Ghanesh Narasimhan, Luis A. Martinez-Tossas, Michael Schnaubelt, Gerard Lemson, Hanxun Yao, Alexander S. Szalay, Dennice F. Gayme, and Charles Meneveau

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2821–2840, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2821-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2821-2025, 2025 | 4,653 views

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01 Dec 2025

Fault detection in wind turbines using health index monitoring with variational autoencoders

Shun Wang, Yolanda Vidal, and Francesc Pozo

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2841–2863, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2841-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2841-2025, 2025 | 4,513 views

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08 Dec 2025

The influence of wind veer and drivetrain flexibility on fatigue loading for large floating wind turbines

Veronica Liverud Krathe, Jason Jonkman, and Erin E. Bachynski-Polić

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2903–2923, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2903-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2903-2025, 2025 | 4,472 views

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24 Oct 2025

Influence of simple terrain on the spatial variability of a low-level jet and wind farm performance in the AWAKEN field campaign

William C. Radünz, Bruno Carmo, Julie K. Lundquist, Stefano Letizia, Aliza Abraham, Adam S. Wise, Miguel Sanchez Gomez, Nicholas Hamilton, Raj K. Rai, and Pedro S. Peixoto

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2365–2393, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2365-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2365-2025, 2025 | 4,432 views

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10 Dec 2025

Wind dataset assessment and energy estimation for potential future offshore wind farm development areas on the Scotian Shelf

Yongxing Ma, Jinshan Xu, Yongsheng Wu, Michael Z. Li, Ryan Stanley, Brent Law, and Marc Skinner

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2965–2999, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2965-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2965-2025, 2025 | 4,429 views

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28 Oct 2025

Synchronized Helix wake mixing control

Aemilius A. W. van Vondelen, Marion Coquelet, Sachin T. Navalkar, and Jan-Willem van Wingerden

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2411–2433, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2411-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2411-2025, 2025 | 4,408 views

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17 Oct 2025

Data assimilation of generic boundary layer flows for wind turbine applications – an LES study

Linus Wrba, Antonia Englberger, Andreas Dörnbrack, Gerard Kilroy, and Norman Wildmann

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2217–2236, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2217-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2217-2025, 2025 | 4,398 views

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11 Sep 2025

Leveraging signal processing and machine learning for automated fault detection in wind turbine drivetrains

Faras Jamil, Cédric Peeters, Timothy Verstraeten, and Jan Helsen

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 1963–1978, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1963-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1963-2025, 2025 | 4,385 views

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25 Sep 2025

Effect of blockage on wind turbine power and wake development

Olivier Ndindayino, Augustin Puel, and Johan Meyers

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2079–2098, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2079-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2079-2025, 2025 | 4,313 views

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01 Sep 2025

Near-wake behavior of an asymmetric wind turbine rotor

Pin Chun Yen, YuanTso Li, Fulvio Scarano, and Wei Yu

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 1775–1805, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1775-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1775-2025, 2025 | 4,266 views

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27 Nov 2025

Rolling contact fatigue calculation of a three-row roller pitch bearing in a wind turbine

Oliver Menck, Florian Schleich, and Matthias Stammler

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2771–2789, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2771-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2771-2025, 2025 | 4,262 views

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29 Oct 2025

Spectral proper orthogonal decomposition of active wake mixing dynamics in a stable atmospheric boundary layer

Gopal R. Yalla, Kenneth Brown, Lawrence Cheung, Dan Houck, Nathaniel deVelder, and Nicholas Hamilton

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2449–2474, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2449-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2449-2025, 2025 | 4,162 views

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19 Dec 2025

On the potential of aerodynamic pressure measurements for structural damage detection

Philip Franz, Imad Abdallah, Gregory Duthé, Julien Deparday, Ali Jafarabadi, Xudong Jian, Max von Danwitz, Alexander Popp, Sarah Barber, and Eleni Chatzi

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 3001–3026, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3001-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3001-2025, 2025 | 4,152 views

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22 Oct 2025

Disentangling wake and projection effects in the aerodynamics of wind turbines with curved blades

Ang Li, Mac Gaunaa, Georg Raimund Pirrung, and Kenneth Lønbæk

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2299–2349, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2299-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2299-2025, 2025 | 4,133 views

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19 Feb 2026

Comment on “Glauert's optimum rotor disk revisited – a calculus of variations solution and exact integrals for thrust and bending moment coefficients” by Tyagi and Schmitz (2025)

J. Gordon Leishman

Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 619–620, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-619-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-619-2026, 2026 | 4,020 views

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08 Dec 2025

Experimental study of transonic flow over a wind turbine airfoil

Abhyuday Aditya, Maria Cristina Vitulano, Delphine De Tavernier, Ferdinand Schrijer, Bas van Oudheusden, and Dominic von Terzi

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2925–2946, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2925-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2925-2025, 2025 | 3,947 views

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05 Dec 2025

Data-driven probabilistic surrogate model for floating wind turbine lifetime damage equivalent load prediction

Deepali Singh, Erik Haugen, Kasper Laugesen, Richard P. Dwight, and Axelle Viré

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2865–2888, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2865-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2865-2025, 2025 | 3,926 views

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04 Mar 2026

Gearbox bearing crack growth prognostics and uncertainty quantification with physics-informed machine learning

Mario De Florio, Gabriel Appleby, Jonathan Keller, Ali Eftekhari Milani, Donatella Zappalá, and Shawn Sheng

Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 737–752, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-737-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-737-2026, 2026 | 3,908 views

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12 Nov 2025

Simulating run-to-failure SCADA time series to enhance wind turbine fault detection and prognosis

Ali Eftekhari Milani, Donatella Zappalá, Francesco Castellani, and Simon Watson

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2563–2576, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2563-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2563-2025, 2025 | 3,857 views

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15 Sep 2025

Upwind vs. downwind: loads and acoustics of a 1.5 MW wind turbine

Pietro Bortolotti, Lee Jay Fingersh, Nicholas Hamilton, Arlinda Huskey, Chris Ivanov, Mark Iverson, Jonathan Keller, Scott Lambert, Jason Roadman, Derek Slaughter, Syhoune Thao, and Consuelo Wells

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2025–2050, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2025-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2025-2025, 2025 | 3,788 views

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04 May 2026

Reliability and O&M key performance indicators of onshore and offshore wind turbines based on field-data analysis

Julia Walgern, Nils Stratmann, Martin Horn, Nathalene W. Y. Then, Moritz Menzel, Fraser Anderson, Athanasios Kolios, and Katharina Fischer

Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 1553–1568, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1553-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1553-2026, 2026 | 3,601 views

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08 Dec 2025

Population-based structural health monitoring: homogeneous offshore wind model development

Innes Murdo Black, Moritz Werther Häckell, and Athanasios Kolios

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2889–2901, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2889-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2889-2025, 2025 | 3,559 views

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21 Nov 2025

A robust active power control algorithm to maximize wind farm power tracking margins in waked conditions

Simone Tamaro, Filippo Campagnolo, and Carlo L. Bottasso

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2705–2728, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2705-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2705-2025, 2025 | 3,555 views

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20 Feb 2026

Added value of site load measurements in probabilistic lifetime extension: a Lillgrund case study

Shadan Mozafari, Jennifer Marie Rinker, Paul Veers, and Katherine Dykes

Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 621–641, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-621-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-621-2026, 2026 | 3,545 views

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17 Sep 2025

Investigation into the instantaneous centre of rotation for enhanced design of floating offshore wind turbines

Katarzyna Patryniak, Maurizio Collu, Jason Jonkman, Matthew Hall, Garrett Barter, Daniel Zalkind, and Andrea Coraddu

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2051–2077, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2051-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2051-2025, 2025 | 3,541 views

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07 Oct 2025

On the wake re-energization of the X-Rotor vertical-axis wind turbine via the vortex-generator strategy

David Bensason, Andrea Sciacchitano, and Carlos Ferreira

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2137–2159, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2137-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2137-2025, 2025 | 3,489 views

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14 Jan 2026

Comparison of different simulation methods regarding loads, considering the centre of wind pressure

Marcel Bock, Daniela Moreno, and Joachim Peinke

Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 103–126, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-103-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-103-2026, 2026 | 3,476 views

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08 Sep 2025

Validation of the near wake of a scaled X-Rotor vertical-axis wind turbine predicted by a free-wake vortex model

Adhyanth Giri Ajay, David Bensason, and Delphine De Tavernier

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 1829–1847, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1829-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1829-2025, 2025 | 3,460 views

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08 Sep 2025

The impact of far-reaching offshore cluster wakes on wind turbine fatigue loads

Arjun Anantharaman, Jörge Schneemann, Frauke Theuer, Laurent Beaudet, Valentin Bernard, Paul Deglaire, and Martin Kühn

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 1849–1867, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1849-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1849-2025, 2025 | 3,447 views

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09 Sep 2025

Developing an atlas of rain-induced leading edge erosion for wind turbine blades in the Dutch North Sea

Marco Caboni and Gerwin van Dalum

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 1887–1906, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1887-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1887-2025, 2025 | 3,443 views

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14 Jan 2026

Hollow-forged AHD steel rotor shafts for wind turbines – a case study on power density, costs and GWP

Christian Hollas, Georg Jacobs, Vitali Züch, Julian Röder, Moritz Gouverneur, Niklas Reinisch, David Bailly, and Alexander Gramlich

Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 89–102, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-89-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-89-2026, 2026 | 3,437 views

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16 Jan 2026

Concurrent aerodynamic design of the wing and the turbines of airborne wind energy systems

Filippo Trevisi, Gianni Cassoni, Mac Gaunaa, and Lorenzo Mario Fagiano

Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 195–216, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-195-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-195-2026, 2026 | 3,375 views

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08 Sep 2025

Evaluating the enhanced sampling rate for turbulence measurement with a wind lidar profiler

Maxime Thiébaut, Louis Marié, Frédéric Delbos, and Florent Guinot

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 1869–1885, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1869-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1869-2025, 2025 | 3,360 views

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13 Oct 2025

Scour variability across offshore wind farms (OWFs): identifying site-specific scour drivers as a step towards assessing potential impacts on the marine environment

Karen Garcia, Christian Jordan, Gregor Melling, Alexander Schendel, Mario Welzel, and Torsten Schlurmann

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2189–2216, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2189-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2189-2025, 2025 | 3,299 views

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17 Nov 2025

Scalable SCADA-driven failure prediction for offshore wind turbines using autoencoder-based NBM and fleet-median filtering

Ivo Vervlimmeren, Xavier Chesterman, Timothy Verstraeten, Ann Nowé, and Jan Helsen

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2615–2637, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2615-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2615-2025, 2025 | 3,298 views

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15 Jan 2026

Modelling vortex generator effects on turbulent boundary layers with integral boundary layer equations

Abhratej Sahoo, Akshay Koodly Ravishankara, Wei Yu, Daniele Ragni, and Carlos Simao Ferreira

Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 127–154, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-127-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-127-2026, 2026 | 3,271 views

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22 Dec 2025

Experimental study of regenerative wind farms featuring enhanced vertical energy entrainment

YuanTso Li, Marnix Fijen, Brian Dsouza, Wei Yu, Andrea Sciacchitano, and Carlos Ferreira

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 3091–3124, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3091-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3091-2025, 2025 | 3,235 views

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18 Nov 2025

Gulf of Mexico hurricane hazard assessment for offshore wind energy sites

Lauren A. Mudd and Peter J. Vickery

Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2685–2703, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2685-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2685-2025, 2025 | 3,162 views

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23 Mar 2026

Wind tunnel load measurements of a leading-edge inflatable kite rigid-scale model

Jelle Agatho Wilhelm Poland, Johannes Marinus van Spronsen, Mac Gaunaa, and Roland Schmehl

Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 911–936, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-911-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-911-2026, 2026 | 3,141 views

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02 Feb 2026

Low-level jets' influence on the power conversion efficiency of offshore wind turbines

Johannes Paulsen, Jörge Schneemann, Gerald Steinfeld, Frauke Theuer, and Martin Kühn

Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 321–346, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-321-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-321-2026, 2026 | 3,135 views

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07 Jan 2026

Evaluation of a high-resolution regional climate simulation for surface and hub-height wind climatology over North America

Kyle Peco, Jiali Wang, Chunyong Jung, Gökhan Sever, Lindsay Sheridan, Jeremy Feinstein, Rao Kotamarthi, Caroline Draxl, Ethan Young, Avi Purkayastha, and Andrew Kumler

Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 13–35, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-13-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-13-2026, 2026 | 3,102 views

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