Wind Energy Science
Wind Energy Science
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17 Feb 2026
Impact of atmospheric turbulence on performance and loads of wind turbines: knowledge gaps and research challenges
Branko Kosović, Sukanta Basu, Jacob Berg, Larry K. Berg, Sue E. Haupt, Xiaoli G. Larsén, Joachim Peinke, Richard J. A. M. Stevens, Paul Veers, and Simon Watson
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 509–555, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-509-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-509-2026, 2026 | 10,002 views
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18 Jun 2026
Condition monitoring of wind turbine drivetrains: state-of-the-art technologies, recent trends, and future outlook
Kayacan Kestel, Xavier Chesterman, Donatella Zappalá, Simon Watson, Mingxin Li, Edward Hart, James Carroll, Yolanda Vidal, Amir R. Nejad, Shawn Sheng, Yi Guo, Matthias Stammler, Florian Wirsing, Ahmed Saleh, Nico Gregarek, Thao Baszenski, Thomas Decker, Martin Knops, Georg Jacobs, Benjamin Lehmann, Florian König, Ines Pereira, Pieter-Jan Daems, Cédric Peeters, and Jan Helsen
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 2103–2155, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2103-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2103-2026, 2026 | 7,837 views
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30 Mar 2026
Floating offshore wind in Japan: addressing the challenges, efforts, and research gaps for large-scale commercialization
Ryota Wada, Amir R. Nejad, Kazuhiro Iijima, Junji Shimazaki, Mihaela Ibrion, Shinnosuke Wanaka, Hideo Nomura, Yoshitaka Mizushima, Takuya Nakashima, and Ken Takagi
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 1013–1056, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1013-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1013-2026, 2026 | 6,830 views
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04 May 2026
Reliability and O&M key performance indicators of onshore and offshore wind turbines based on field-data analysis
Julia Walgern, Nils Stratmann, Martin Horn, Nathalene W. Y. Then, Moritz Menzel, Fraser Anderson, Athanasios Kolios, and Katharina Fischer
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 1553–1568, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1553-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1553-2026, 2026 | 5,836 views
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27 Nov 2025
Evaluating the impact of motion compensation on turbulence intensity measurements from continuous-wave and pulsed floating lidars
Warren Watson, Gerrit Wolken-Möhlmann, and Julia Gottschall
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2791–2820, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2791-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2791-2025, 2025 | 5,658 views
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07 Sep 2026
Annual wake impacts in and between wind farm clusters – Part 1: WRF-simulated wake losses for different atmospheric conditions
Sara Porchetta, Wim Munters, Maxime Lejeune, Ruben Borgers, Sophia Buckingham, and Michael F. Howland
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 3273–3294, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-3273-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-3273-2026, 2026 | 5,602 views
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01 Dec 2025
JHTDB-wind: a web-accessible large-eddy simulation database of a wind farm with virtual sensor querying
Xiaowei Zhu, Shuolin Xiao, Ghanesh Narasimhan, Luis A. Martinez-Tossas, Michael Schnaubelt, Gerard Lemson, Hanxun Yao, Alexander S. Szalay, Dennice F. Gayme, and Charles Meneveau
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2821–2840, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2821-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2821-2025, 2025 | 5,324 views
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01 Dec 2025
Fault detection in wind turbines using health index monitoring with variational autoencoders
Shun Wang, Yolanda Vidal, and Francesc Pozo
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2841–2863, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2841-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2841-2025, 2025 | 5,275 views
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08 Dec 2025
The influence of wind veer and drivetrain flexibility on fatigue loading for large floating wind turbines
Veronica Liverud Krathe, Jason Jonkman, and Erin E. Bachynski-Polić
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2903–2923, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2903-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2903-2025, 2025 | 5,230 views
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10 Dec 2025
Wind dataset assessment and energy estimation for potential future offshore wind farm development areas on the Scotian Shelf
Yongxing Ma, Jinshan Xu, Yongsheng Wu, Michael Z. Li, Ryan Stanley, Brent Law, and Marc Skinner
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2965–2999, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2965-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2965-2025, 2025 | 5,032 views
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27 Nov 2025
Rolling contact fatigue calculation of a three-row roller pitch bearing in a wind turbine
Oliver Menck, Florian Schleich, and Matthias Stammler
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2771–2789, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2771-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2771-2025, 2025 | 5,024 views
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04 Mar 2026
Gearbox bearing crack growth prognostics and uncertainty quantification with physics-informed machine learning
Mario De Florio, Gabriel Appleby, Jonathan Keller, Ali Eftekhari Milani, Donatella Zappalá, and Shawn Sheng
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 737–752, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-737-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-737-2026, 2026 | 4,827 views
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05 Dec 2025
Data-driven probabilistic surrogate model for floating wind turbine lifetime damage equivalent load prediction
Deepali Singh, Erik Haugen, Kasper Laugesen, Richard P. Dwight, and Axelle Viré
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2865–2888, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2865-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2865-2025, 2025 | 4,746 views
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19 Dec 2025
On the potential of aerodynamic pressure measurements for structural damage detection
Philip Franz, Imad Abdallah, Gregory Duthé, Julien Deparday, Ali Jafarabadi, Xudong Jian, Max von Danwitz, Alexander Popp, Sarah Barber, and Eleni Chatzi
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 3001–3026, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3001-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3001-2025, 2025 | 4,745 views
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19 Feb 2026
Comment on “Glauert's optimum rotor disk revisited – a calculus of variations solution and exact integrals for thrust and bending moment coefficients” by Tyagi and Schmitz (2025)
J. Gordon Leishman
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 619–620, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-619-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-619-2026, 2026 | 4,611 views
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12 Nov 2025
Simulating run-to-failure SCADA time series to enhance wind turbine fault detection and prognosis
Ali Eftekhari Milani, Donatella Zappalá, Francesco Castellani, and Simon Watson
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2563–2576, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2563-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2563-2025, 2025 | 4,536 views
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20 Feb 2026
Added value of site load measurements in probabilistic lifetime extension: a Lillgrund case study
Shadan Mozafari, Jennifer Marie Rinker, Paul Veers, and Katherine Dykes
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 621–641, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-621-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-621-2026, 2026 | 4,473 views
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08 Dec 2025
Experimental study of transonic flow over a wind turbine airfoil
Abhyuday Aditya, Maria Cristina Vitulano, Delphine De Tavernier, Ferdinand Schrijer, Bas van Oudheusden, and Dominic von Terzi
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2925–2946, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2925-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2925-2025, 2025 | 4,433 views
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21 Nov 2025
A robust active power control algorithm to maximize wind farm power tracking margins in waked conditions
Simone Tamaro, Filippo Campagnolo, and Carlo L. Bottasso
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2705–2728, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2705-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2705-2025, 2025 | 4,147 views
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17 Nov 2025
Scalable SCADA-driven failure prediction for offshore wind turbines using autoencoder-based NBM and fleet-median filtering
Ivo Vervlimmeren, Xavier Chesterman, Timothy Verstraeten, Ann Nowé, and Jan Helsen
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2615–2637, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2615-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2615-2025, 2025 | 4,138 views
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08 Apr 2026
An open database of high-fidelity, multi-Reynolds airfoil polars for wind turbine blade design
Francesco Papi, Pier Francesco Melani, and Alessandro Bianchini
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 1123–1145, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1123-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1123-2026, 2026 | 4,103 views
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14 Jan 2026
Hollow-forged AHD steel rotor shafts for wind turbines – a case study on power density, costs and GWP
Christian Hollas, Georg Jacobs, Vitali Züch, Julian Röder, Moritz Gouverneur, Niklas Reinisch, David Bailly, and Alexander Gramlich
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 89–102, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-89-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-89-2026, 2026 | 4,074 views
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08 Dec 2025
Population-based structural health monitoring: homogeneous offshore wind model development
Innes Murdo Black, Moritz Werther Häckell, and Athanasios Kolios
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2889–2901, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2889-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2889-2025, 2025 | 4,032 views
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16 Jan 2026
Concurrent aerodynamic design of the wing and the turbines of airborne wind energy systems
Filippo Trevisi, Gianni Cassoni, Mac Gaunaa, and Lorenzo Mario Fagiano
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 195–216, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-195-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-195-2026, 2026 | 4,014 views
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14 Jan 2026
Comparison of different simulation methods regarding loads, considering the centre of wind pressure
Marcel Bock, Daniela Moreno, and Joachim Peinke
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 103–126, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-103-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-103-2026, 2026 | 3,944 views
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27 Apr 2026
Wind farm inertia forecasting accounting for wake losses, turbine-level control strategies, and operational constraints
Andre Thommessen, Abhinav Anand, Carlo L. Bottasso, and Christoph M. Hackl
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 1399–1428, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1399-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1399-2026, 2026 | 3,923 views
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23 Mar 2026
Wind tunnel load measurements of a leading-edge inflatable kite rigid-scale model
Jelle Agatho Wilhelm Poland, Johannes Marinus van Spronsen, Mac Gaunaa, and Roland Schmehl
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 911–936, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-911-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-911-2026, 2026 | 3,902 views
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26 Mar 2026
The lattice Boltzmann method for wind farm simulations: a review
Henry Korb, Jean Bastin, Henrik Asmuth, and Stefan Ivanell
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 983–1012, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-983-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-983-2026, 2026 | 3,894 views
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02 Feb 2026
Low-level jets' influence on the power conversion efficiency of offshore wind turbines
Johannes Paulsen, Jörge Schneemann, Gerald Steinfeld, Frauke Theuer, and Martin Kühn
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 321–346, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-321-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-321-2026, 2026 | 3,801 views
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18 Nov 2025
Gulf of Mexico hurricane hazard assessment for offshore wind energy sites
Lauren A. Mudd and Peter J. Vickery
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2685–2703, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2685-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2685-2025, 2025 | 3,795 views
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15 Jan 2026
Modelling vortex generator effects on turbulent boundary layers with integral boundary layer equations
Abhratej Sahoo, Akshay Koodly Ravishankara, Wei Yu, Daniele Ragni, and Carlos Simao Ferreira
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 127–154, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-127-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-127-2026, 2026 | 3,787 views
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22 Dec 2025
Experimental study of regenerative wind farms featuring enhanced vertical energy entrainment
YuanTso Li, Marnix Fijen, Brian Dsouza, Wei Yu, Andrea Sciacchitano, and Carlos Ferreira
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 3091–3124, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3091-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3091-2025, 2025 | 3,770 views
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08 Jul 2026
Large-eddy simulation of the IEA 15 MW wind turbine using a two-way coupled fluid–structure interaction model
Claudio Bernardi, Stefania Cherubini, Felice Manganelli, Giacomo Della Posta, Stefano Leonardi, and Pietro De Palma
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 2345–2367, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2345-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2345-2026, 2026 | 3,746 views
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04 Mar 2026
Experimental characterization of dynamic stall of the FFA-W3-211 wind turbine airfoil
Simone Chellini, Delphine De Tavernier, and Dominic von Terzi
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 753–769, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-753-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-753-2026, 2026 | 3,720 views
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07 Jan 2026
Evaluation of a high-resolution regional climate simulation for surface and hub-height wind climatology over North America
Kyle Peco, Jiali Wang, Chunyong Jung, Gökhan Sever, Lindsay Sheridan, Jeremy Feinstein, Rao Kotamarthi, Caroline Draxl, Ethan Young, Avi Purkayastha, and Andrew Kumler
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 13–35, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-13-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-13-2026, 2026 | 3,659 views
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06 Jan 2026
Feasibility of up-tower repair concepts for pultruded carbon spar cap planks in wind turbine blades
Malo Rosemeier, Matthias Saathoff, Johannes Kolsch, Pablo Buriticá, Enno Petersen, and Christopher Beer
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1-2026, 2026 | 3,637 views
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15 Jan 2026
Mountain wave and downslope winds impact on wind power production
Kine Solbakken, Eirik Mikal Samuelsen, and Yngve Birkelund
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 155–173, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-155-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-155-2026, 2026 | 3,612 views
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03 Aug 2026
Grand challenges in designing resilient wind energy systems in areas prone to tropical cyclones
Georgios Deskos, Jiali Wang, Sanjay Arwade, Murray Fisher, Brian Hirth, Xiaoli Guo Larsén, Julie K. Lundquist, Andrew Myers, Weichiang Pang, William J. Pringle, Robert Rogers, Miguel Sanchez-Gomez, Chao Sun, Atsushi Yamaguchi, and Paul Veers
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 2749–2782, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2749-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2749-2026, 2026 | 3,601 views
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01 Apr 2026
Uncertainty in North Sea offshore wind power: contributions of reanalysis forcing, turbine type, and wake parameterization
Alberto Elizalde, Naveed Akhtar, Beate Geyer, and Corinna Schrum
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 1077–1095, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1077-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1077-2026, 2026 | 3,592 views
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11 Nov 2025
Computationally efficient aerodynamic modelling of swept wind turbine blades using coupled near-wake and vortex cylinder models
Ang Li, Mac Gaunaa, and Georg Raimund Pirrung
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2515–2550, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2515-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2515-2025, 2025 | 3,557 views
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24 Feb 2026
Evaluating the impact of inter-annual variability on long-term wind speed predictions
Johanna Borowski, Sandra Schwegmann, Kerstin Avila, and Martin Dörenkämper
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 661–677, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-661-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-661-2026, 2026 | 3,551 views
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17 Nov 2025
Hurricane impacts in the United States East Coast offshore wind energy lease areas
Kelsey B. Thompson, Rebecca J. Barthelmie, and Sara C. Pryor
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2639–2661, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2639-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2639-2025, 2025 | 3,537 views
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11 May 2026
Wind field estimation for lidar-assisted control: a comparison of proper orthogonal decomposition and interpolation techniques
Esperanza Soto Sagredo, Søren Juhl Andersen, Ásta Hannesdóttir, and Jennifer Marie Rinker
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 1705–1731, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1705-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1705-2026, 2026 | 3,461 views
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10 Feb 2026
Emerging mobile lidar technology to study boundary layer winds influenced by operating turbines
Yelena Pichugina, Alan W. Brewer, Sunil Baidar, Robert Banta, Edward Strobach, Brandi McCarty, Brian Carroll, Nicola Bodini, Stefano Letizia, Richard Marchbanks, Michael Zucker, Maxwell Holloway, and Patrick Moriarty
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 417–442, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-417-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-417-2026, 2026 | 3,378 views
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10 Feb 2026
A machine-learning-based approach for better prediction of fatigue life of offshore wind turbine foundations using smaller data sizes
Ahmed Mujtaba, Wout Weijtjens, Negin Sadeghi, and Christof Devriendt
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 443–467, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-443-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-443-2026, 2026 | 3,359 views
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06 Feb 2026
A wind turbine digital shadow for complex inflow conditions
Hadi Hoghooghi and Carlo L. Bottasso
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 373–393, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-373-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-373-2026, 2026 | 3,336 views
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24 Mar 2026
An inter-comparison study on the impact of atmospheric boundary layer height on gigawatt-scale wind plant performance
Stefan Ivanell, Warit Chanprasert, Luca Lanzilao, James Bleeg, Johan Meyers, Antoine Mathieu, Søren Juhl Andersen, Rem-Sophia Mouradi, Eric Dupont, Hugo Olivares-Espinosa, and Niels Troldborg
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 937–960, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-937-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-937-2026, 2026 | 3,328 views
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19 Dec 2025
Frequency-domain modeling of floating wind arrays with shared mooring lines
Matthew Hall, Lucas Carmo, and Ericka Lozon
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 3027–3043, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3027-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3027-2025, 2025 | 3,324 views
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16 Jan 2026
Field comparison of load-based wind turbine wake tracking with a scanning lidar reference
David Onnen, Gunner Christian Larsen, Alan Wai Hou Lio, Paul Hulsman, Martin Kühn, and Vlaho Petrović
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 175–193, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-175-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-175-2026, 2026 | 3,305 views
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14 Sep 2026
Control design for floating wind turbines: a novel feedback control structure
Amr Hegazy, Peter Naaijen, and Jan-Willem van Wingerden
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 3455–3474, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-3455-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-3455-2026, 2026 | 3,297 views
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