Wind Energy Science
Wind Energy Science
WES
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17 Feb 2026
Impact of atmospheric turbulence on performance and loads of wind turbines: knowledge gaps and research challenges
Branko Kosović, Sukanta Basu, Jacob Berg, Larry K. Berg, Sue E. Haupt, Xiaoli G. Larsén, Joachim Peinke, Richard J. A. M. Stevens, Paul Veers, and Simon Watson
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 509–555, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-509-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-509-2026, 2026 | 9,465 views
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18 Jun 2026
Condition monitoring of wind turbine drivetrains: state-of-the-art technologies, recent trends, and future outlook
Kayacan Kestel, Xavier Chesterman, Donatella Zappalá, Simon Watson, Mingxin Li, Edward Hart, James Carroll, Yolanda Vidal, Amir R. Nejad, Shawn Sheng, Yi Guo, Matthias Stammler, Florian Wirsing, Ahmed Saleh, Nico Gregarek, Thao Baszenski, Thomas Decker, Martin Knops, Georg Jacobs, Benjamin Lehmann, Florian König, Ines Pereira, Pieter-Jan Daems, Cédric Peeters, and Jan Helsen
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 2103–2155, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2103-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2103-2026, 2026 | 7,253 views
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30 Mar 2026
Floating offshore wind in Japan: addressing the challenges, efforts, and research gaps for large-scale commercialization
Ryota Wada, Amir R. Nejad, Kazuhiro Iijima, Junji Shimazaki, Mihaela Ibrion, Shinnosuke Wanaka, Hideo Nomura, Yoshitaka Mizushima, Takuya Nakashima, and Ken Takagi
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 1013–1056, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1013-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1013-2026, 2026 | 6,483 views
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27 Nov 2025
Evaluating the impact of motion compensation on turbulence intensity measurements from continuous-wave and pulsed floating lidars
Warren Watson, Gerrit Wolken-Möhlmann, and Julia Gottschall
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2791–2820, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2791-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2791-2025, 2025 | 5,445 views
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04 May 2026
Reliability and O&M key performance indicators of onshore and offshore wind turbines based on field-data analysis
Julia Walgern, Nils Stratmann, Martin Horn, Nathalene W. Y. Then, Moritz Menzel, Fraser Anderson, Athanasios Kolios, and Katharina Fischer
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 1553–1568, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1553-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1553-2026, 2026 | 5,236 views
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07 Sep 2026
Annual wake impacts in and between wind farm clusters – Part 1: WRF-simulated wake losses for different atmospheric conditions
Sara Porchetta, Wim Munters, Maxime Lejeune, Ruben Borgers, Sophia Buckingham, and Michael F. Howland
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 3273–3294, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-3273-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-3273-2026, 2026 | 5,213 views
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01 Dec 2025
JHTDB-wind: a web-accessible large-eddy simulation database of a wind farm with virtual sensor querying
Xiaowei Zhu, Shuolin Xiao, Ghanesh Narasimhan, Luis A. Martinez-Tossas, Michael Schnaubelt, Gerard Lemson, Hanxun Yao, Alexander S. Szalay, Dennice F. Gayme, and Charles Meneveau
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2821–2840, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2821-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2821-2025, 2025 | 5,092 views
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01 Dec 2025
Fault detection in wind turbines using health index monitoring with variational autoencoders
Shun Wang, Yolanda Vidal, and Francesc Pozo
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2841–2863, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2841-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2841-2025, 2025 | 5,010 views
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08 Dec 2025
The influence of wind veer and drivetrain flexibility on fatigue loading for large floating wind turbines
Veronica Liverud Krathe, Jason Jonkman, and Erin E. Bachynski-Polić
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2903–2923, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2903-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2903-2025, 2025 | 4,970 views
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17 Oct 2025
Data assimilation of generic boundary layer flows for wind turbine applications – an LES study
Linus Wrba, Antonia Englberger, Andreas Dörnbrack, Gerard Kilroy, and Norman Wildmann
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2217–2236, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2217-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2217-2025, 2025 | 4,808 views
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24 Oct 2025
Influence of simple terrain on the spatial variability of a low-level jet and wind farm performance in the AWAKEN field campaign
William C. Radünz, Bruno Carmo, Julie K. Lundquist, Stefano Letizia, Aliza Abraham, Adam S. Wise, Miguel Sanchez Gomez, Nicholas Hamilton, Raj K. Rai, and Pedro S. Peixoto
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2365–2393, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2365-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2365-2025, 2025 | 4,806 views
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10 Dec 2025
Wind dataset assessment and energy estimation for potential future offshore wind farm development areas on the Scotian Shelf
Yongxing Ma, Jinshan Xu, Yongsheng Wu, Michael Z. Li, Ryan Stanley, Brent Law, and Marc Skinner
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2965–2999, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2965-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2965-2025, 2025 | 4,802 views
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27 Nov 2025
Rolling contact fatigue calculation of a three-row roller pitch bearing in a wind turbine
Oliver Menck, Florian Schleich, and Matthias Stammler
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2771–2789, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2771-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2771-2025, 2025 | 4,741 views
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28 Oct 2025
Synchronized Helix wake mixing control
Aemilius A. W. van Vondelen, Marion Coquelet, Sachin T. Navalkar, and Jan-Willem van Wingerden
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2411–2433, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2411-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2411-2025, 2025 | 4,728 views
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22 Oct 2025
Disentangling wake and projection effects in the aerodynamics of wind turbines with curved blades
Ang Li, Mac Gaunaa, Georg Raimund Pirrung, and Kenneth Lønbæk
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2299–2349, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2299-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2299-2025, 2025 | 4,573 views
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19 Dec 2025
On the potential of aerodynamic pressure measurements for structural damage detection
Philip Franz, Imad Abdallah, Gregory Duthé, Julien Deparday, Ali Jafarabadi, Xudong Jian, Max von Danwitz, Alexander Popp, Sarah Barber, and Eleni Chatzi
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 3001–3026, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3001-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3001-2025, 2025 | 4,565 views
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29 Oct 2025
Spectral proper orthogonal decomposition of active wake mixing dynamics in a stable atmospheric boundary layer
Gopal R. Yalla, Kenneth Brown, Lawrence Cheung, Dan Houck, Nathaniel deVelder, and Nicholas Hamilton
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2449–2474, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2449-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2449-2025, 2025 | 4,521 views
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05 Dec 2025
Data-driven probabilistic surrogate model for floating wind turbine lifetime damage equivalent load prediction
Deepali Singh, Erik Haugen, Kasper Laugesen, Richard P. Dwight, and Axelle Viré
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2865–2888, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2865-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2865-2025, 2025 | 4,474 views
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04 Mar 2026
Gearbox bearing crack growth prognostics and uncertainty quantification with physics-informed machine learning
Mario De Florio, Gabriel Appleby, Jonathan Keller, Ali Eftekhari Milani, Donatella Zappalá, and Shawn Sheng
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 737–752, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-737-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-737-2026, 2026 | 4,464 views
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19 Feb 2026
Comment on “Glauert's optimum rotor disk revisited – a calculus of variations solution and exact integrals for thrust and bending moment coefficients” by Tyagi and Schmitz (2025)
J. Gordon Leishman
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 619–620, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-619-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-619-2026, 2026 | 4,417 views
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12 Nov 2025
Simulating run-to-failure SCADA time series to enhance wind turbine fault detection and prognosis
Ali Eftekhari Milani, Donatella Zappalá, Francesco Castellani, and Simon Watson
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2563–2576, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2563-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2563-2025, 2025 | 4,289 views
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20 Feb 2026
Added value of site load measurements in probabilistic lifetime extension: a Lillgrund case study
Shadan Mozafari, Jennifer Marie Rinker, Paul Veers, and Katherine Dykes
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 621–641, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-621-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-621-2026, 2026 | 4,254 views
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08 Dec 2025
Experimental study of transonic flow over a wind turbine airfoil
Abhyuday Aditya, Maria Cristina Vitulano, Delphine De Tavernier, Ferdinand Schrijer, Bas van Oudheusden, and Dominic von Terzi
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2925–2946, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2925-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2925-2025, 2025 | 4,241 views
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21 Nov 2025
A robust active power control algorithm to maximize wind farm power tracking margins in waked conditions
Simone Tamaro, Filippo Campagnolo, and Carlo L. Bottasso
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2705–2728, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2705-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2705-2025, 2025 | 3,933 views
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08 Dec 2025
Population-based structural health monitoring: homogeneous offshore wind model development
Innes Murdo Black, Moritz Werther Häckell, and Athanasios Kolios
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2889–2901, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2889-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2889-2025, 2025 | 3,852 views
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17 Nov 2025
Scalable SCADA-driven failure prediction for offshore wind turbines using autoencoder-based NBM and fleet-median filtering
Ivo Vervlimmeren, Xavier Chesterman, Timothy Verstraeten, Ann Nowé, and Jan Helsen
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2615–2637, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2615-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2615-2025, 2025 | 3,842 views
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14 Jan 2026
Hollow-forged AHD steel rotor shafts for wind turbines – a case study on power density, costs and GWP
Christian Hollas, Georg Jacobs, Vitali Züch, Julian Röder, Moritz Gouverneur, Niklas Reinisch, David Bailly, and Alexander Gramlich
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 89–102, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-89-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-89-2026, 2026 | 3,835 views
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16 Jan 2026
Concurrent aerodynamic design of the wing and the turbines of airborne wind energy systems
Filippo Trevisi, Gianni Cassoni, Mac Gaunaa, and Lorenzo Mario Fagiano
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 195–216, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-195-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-195-2026, 2026 | 3,814 views
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14 Jan 2026
Comparison of different simulation methods regarding loads, considering the centre of wind pressure
Marcel Bock, Daniela Moreno, and Joachim Peinke
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 103–126, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-103-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-103-2026, 2026 | 3,775 views
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08 Apr 2026
An open database of high-fidelity, multi-Reynolds airfoil polars for wind turbine blade design
Francesco Papi, Pier Francesco Melani, and Alessandro Bianchini
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 1123–1145, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1123-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1123-2026, 2026 | 3,717 views
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23 Mar 2026
Wind tunnel load measurements of a leading-edge inflatable kite rigid-scale model
Jelle Agatho Wilhelm Poland, Johannes Marinus van Spronsen, Mac Gaunaa, and Roland Schmehl
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 911–936, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-911-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-911-2026, 2026 | 3,610 views
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26 Mar 2026
The lattice Boltzmann method for wind farm simulations: a review
Henry Korb, Jean Bastin, Henrik Asmuth, and Stefan Ivanell
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 983–1012, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-983-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-983-2026, 2026 | 3,605 views
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15 Jan 2026
Modelling vortex generator effects on turbulent boundary layers with integral boundary layer equations
Abhratej Sahoo, Akshay Koodly Ravishankara, Wei Yu, Daniele Ragni, and Carlos Simao Ferreira
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 127–154, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-127-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-127-2026, 2026 | 3,604 views
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18 Nov 2025
Gulf of Mexico hurricane hazard assessment for offshore wind energy sites
Lauren A. Mudd and Peter J. Vickery
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2685–2703, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2685-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2685-2025, 2025 | 3,590 views
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02 Feb 2026
Low-level jets' influence on the power conversion efficiency of offshore wind turbines
Johannes Paulsen, Jörge Schneemann, Gerald Steinfeld, Frauke Theuer, and Martin Kühn
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 321–346, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-321-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-321-2026, 2026 | 3,586 views
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22 Dec 2025
Experimental study of regenerative wind farms featuring enhanced vertical energy entrainment
YuanTso Li, Marnix Fijen, Brian Dsouza, Wei Yu, Andrea Sciacchitano, and Carlos Ferreira
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 3091–3124, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3091-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3091-2025, 2025 | 3,585 views
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08 Jul 2026
Large-eddy simulation of the IEA 15 MW wind turbine using a two-way coupled fluid–structure interaction model
Claudio Bernardi, Stefania Cherubini, Felice Manganelli, Giacomo Della Posta, Stefano Leonardi, and Pietro De Palma
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 2345–2367, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2345-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2345-2026, 2026 | 3,497 views
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07 Jan 2026
Evaluation of a high-resolution regional climate simulation for surface and hub-height wind climatology over North America
Kyle Peco, Jiali Wang, Chunyong Jung, Gökhan Sever, Lindsay Sheridan, Jeremy Feinstein, Rao Kotamarthi, Caroline Draxl, Ethan Young, Avi Purkayastha, and Andrew Kumler
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 13–35, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-13-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-13-2026, 2026 | 3,458 views
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29 Oct 2025
Wind resources of southeast Australia during peak electricity demand days
Claire L. Vincent, Adam Nahar, and Kelvin Say
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2435–2447, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2435-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2435-2025, 2025 | 3,452 views
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04 Mar 2026
Experimental characterization of dynamic stall of the FFA-W3-211 wind turbine airfoil
Simone Chellini, Delphine De Tavernier, and Dominic von Terzi
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 753–769, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-753-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-753-2026, 2026 | 3,437 views
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06 Jan 2026
Feasibility of up-tower repair concepts for pultruded carbon spar cap planks in wind turbine blades
Malo Rosemeier, Matthias Saathoff, Johannes Kolsch, Pablo Buriticá, Enno Petersen, and Christopher Beer
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1-2026, 2026 | 3,413 views
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01 Apr 2026
Uncertainty in North Sea offshore wind power: contributions of reanalysis forcing, turbine type, and wake parameterization
Alberto Elizalde, Naveed Akhtar, Beate Geyer, and Corinna Schrum
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 1077–1095, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1077-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1077-2026, 2026 | 3,411 views
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11 Nov 2025
Computationally efficient aerodynamic modelling of swept wind turbine blades using coupled near-wake and vortex cylinder models
Ang Li, Mac Gaunaa, and Georg Raimund Pirrung
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2515–2550, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2515-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2515-2025, 2025 | 3,393 views
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15 Jan 2026
Mountain wave and downslope winds impact on wind power production
Kine Solbakken, Eirik Mikal Samuelsen, and Yngve Birkelund
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 155–173, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-155-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-155-2026, 2026 | 3,381 views
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17 Nov 2025
Hurricane impacts in the United States East Coast offshore wind energy lease areas
Kelsey B. Thompson, Rebecca J. Barthelmie, and Sara C. Pryor
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2639–2661, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2639-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2639-2025, 2025 | 3,375 views
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27 Apr 2026
Wind farm inertia forecasting accounting for wake losses, turbine-level control strategies, and operational constraints
Andre Thommessen, Abhinav Anand, Carlo L. Bottasso, and Christoph M. Hackl
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 1399–1428, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1399-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1399-2026, 2026 | 3,338 views
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24 Feb 2026
Evaluating the impact of inter-annual variability on long-term wind speed predictions
Johanna Borowski, Sandra Schwegmann, Kerstin Avila, and Martin Dörenkämper
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 661–677, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-661-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-661-2026, 2026 | 3,327 views
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22 Oct 2025
Airborne wind energy system test bench electrical emulator
Carolina Nicolás-Martín, David Santos-Martín, Francisco DeLosRíos-Navarrete, and Jorge González-García
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2279–2297, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2279-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2279-2025, 2025 | 3,240 views
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21 Oct 2025
Dynamic induction control for mitigation of wake-induced power losses: a wind tunnel study under different inflow conditions
Manuel Alejandro Zúñiga Inestroza, Paul Hulsman, Vlaho Petrović, and Martin Kühn
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2257–2278, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2257-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2257-2025, 2025 | 3,210 views
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10 Feb 2026
Emerging mobile lidar technology to study boundary layer winds influenced by operating turbines
Yelena Pichugina, Alan W. Brewer, Sunil Baidar, Robert Banta, Edward Strobach, Brandi McCarty, Brian Carroll, Nicola Bodini, Stefano Letizia, Richard Marchbanks, Michael Zucker, Maxwell Holloway, and Patrick Moriarty
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 417–442, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-417-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-417-2026, 2026 | 3,185 views
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