Wind Energy Science
Wind Energy Science
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17 Feb 2026
Impact of atmospheric turbulence on performance and loads of wind turbines: knowledge gaps and research challenges
Branko Kosović, Sukanta Basu, Jacob Berg, Larry K. Berg, Sue E. Haupt, Xiaoli G. Larsén, Joachim Peinke, Richard J. A. M. Stevens, Paul Veers, and Simon Watson
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 509–555, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-509-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-509-2026, 2026 | 7,972 views
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13 Oct 2025
Kite as a sensor: wind and state estimation in tethered flying systems
Oriol Cayon, Simon Watson, and Roland Schmehl
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2161–2188, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2161-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2161-2025, 2025 | 5,894 views
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30 Mar 2026
Floating offshore wind in Japan: addressing the challenges, efforts, and research gaps for large-scale commercialization
Ryota Wada, Amir R. Nejad, Kazuhiro Iijima, Junji Shimazaki, Mihaela Ibrion, Shinnosuke Wanaka, Hideo Nomura, Yoshitaka Mizushima, Takuya Nakashima, and Ken Takagi
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 1013–1056, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1013-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1013-2026, 2026 | 5,410 views
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18 Jun 2026
Condition monitoring of wind turbine drivetrains: state-of-the-art technologies, recent trends, and future outlook
Kayacan Kestel, Xavier Chesterman, Donatella Zappalá, Simon Watson, Mingxin Li, Edward Hart, James Carroll, Yolanda Vidal, Amir R. Nejad, Shawn Sheng, Yi Guo, Matthias Stammler, Florian Wirsing, Ahmed Saleh, Nico Gregarek, Thao Baszenski, Thomas Decker, Martin Knops, Georg Jacobs, Benjamin Lehmann, Florian König, Ines Pereira, Pieter-Jan Daems, Cédric Peeters, and Jan Helsen
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 2103–2155, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2103-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2103-2026, 2026 | 5,009 views
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12 Sep 2025
Output-constrained individual pitch control methods using the multiblade coordinate transformation: trading off actuation effort and blade fatigue load reduction for wind turbines
Jesse I. S. Hummel, Jens Kober, and Sebastiaan P. Mulders
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2005–2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2005-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2005-2025, 2025 | 4,936 views
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27 Nov 2025
Evaluating the impact of motion compensation on turbulence intensity measurements from continuous-wave and pulsed floating lidars
Warren Watson, Gerrit Wolken-Möhlmann, and Julia Gottschall
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2791–2820, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2791-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2791-2025, 2025 | 4,838 views
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12 Sep 2025
Multi-task learning long short-term memory model to emulate wind turbine blade dynamics
Shubham Baisthakur and Breiffni Fitzgerald
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 1979–2004, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1979-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1979-2025, 2025 | 4,835 views
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30 Jul 2025
Experimental demonstration of regenerative wind farming using a high-density layout of vertical-axis wind turbines
David Bensason, Jayant Mulay, Andrea Sciacchitano, and Carlos Ferreira
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 1499–1528, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1499-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1499-2025, 2025 | 4,735 views
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06 Aug 2025
Modeling frontal low-level jets and associated extreme wind power ramps over the North Sea
Harish Baki, Sukanta Basu, and George Lavidas
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 1575–1609, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1575-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1575-2025, 2025 | 4,618 views
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17 Jul 2025
Wake development in floating wind turbines: new insights and an open dataset from wind tunnel experiments
Alessandro Fontanella, Alberto Fusetti, Stefano Cioni, Francesco Papi, Sara Muggiasca, Giacomo Persico, Vincenzo Dossena, Alessandro Bianchini, and Marco Belloli
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 1369–1387, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1369-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1369-2025, 2025 | 4,476 views
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01 Dec 2025
JHTDB-wind: a web-accessible large-eddy simulation database of a wind farm with virtual sensor querying
Xiaowei Zhu, Shuolin Xiao, Ghanesh Narasimhan, Luis A. Martinez-Tossas, Michael Schnaubelt, Gerard Lemson, Hanxun Yao, Alexander S. Szalay, Dennice F. Gayme, and Charles Meneveau
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2821–2840, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2821-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2821-2025, 2025 | 4,456 views
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08 Dec 2025
The influence of wind veer and drivetrain flexibility on fatigue loading for large floating wind turbines
Veronica Liverud Krathe, Jason Jonkman, and Erin E. Bachynski-Polić
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2903–2923, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2903-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2903-2025, 2025 | 4,329 views
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01 Dec 2025
Fault detection in wind turbines using health index monitoring with variational autoencoders
Shun Wang, Yolanda Vidal, and Francesc Pozo
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2841–2863, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2841-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2841-2025, 2025 | 4,297 views
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24 Oct 2025
Influence of simple terrain on the spatial variability of a low-level jet and wind farm performance in the AWAKEN field campaign
William C. Radünz, Bruno Carmo, Julie K. Lundquist, Stefano Letizia, Aliza Abraham, Adam S. Wise, Miguel Sanchez Gomez, Nicholas Hamilton, Raj K. Rai, and Pedro S. Peixoto
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2365–2393, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2365-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2365-2025, 2025 | 4,264 views
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17 Oct 2025
Data assimilation of generic boundary layer flows for wind turbine applications – an LES study
Linus Wrba, Antonia Englberger, Andreas Dörnbrack, Gerard Kilroy, and Norman Wildmann
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2217–2236, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2217-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2217-2025, 2025 | 4,243 views
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10 Dec 2025
Wind dataset assessment and energy estimation for potential future offshore wind farm development areas on the Scotian Shelf
Yongxing Ma, Jinshan Xu, Yongsheng Wu, Michael Z. Li, Ryan Stanley, Brent Law, and Marc Skinner
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2965–2999, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2965-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2965-2025, 2025 | 4,228 views
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28 Oct 2025
Synchronized Helix wake mixing control
Aemilius A. W. van Vondelen, Marion Coquelet, Sachin T. Navalkar, and Jan-Willem van Wingerden
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2411–2433, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2411-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2411-2025, 2025 | 4,184 views
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01 Aug 2025
Quantifying tropical-cyclone-generated waves in extreme-value-derived design for offshore wind
Sarah McElman, Amrit Shankar Verma, and Andrew Goupee
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 1529–1550, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1529-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1529-2025, 2025 | 4,143 views
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01 Sep 2025
Near-wake behavior of an asymmetric wind turbine rotor
Pin Chun Yen, YuanTso Li, Fulvio Scarano, and Wei Yu
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 1775–1805, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1775-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1775-2025, 2025 | 4,120 views
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11 Sep 2025
Leveraging signal processing and machine learning for automated fault detection in wind turbine drivetrains
Faras Jamil, Cédric Peeters, Timothy Verstraeten, and Jan Helsen
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 1963–1978, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1963-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1963-2025, 2025 | 4,099 views
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28 Jul 2025
Estimating long-term annual energy production from shorter-time-series data: methods and verification with a 10-year large-eddy simulation of a large offshore wind farm
Bernard Postema, Remco A. Verzijlbergh, Pim van Dorp, Peter Baas, and Harm J. J. Jonker
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 1471–1484, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1471-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1471-2025, 2025 | 4,065 views
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18 Jul 2025
Life cycle assessment of New Jersey offshore wind
Meghann Smith, Nawal Shoaib, and Pankaj Lal
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 1389–1402, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1389-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1389-2025, 2025 | 4,060 views
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27 Nov 2025
Rolling contact fatigue calculation of a three-row roller pitch bearing in a wind turbine
Oliver Menck, Florian Schleich, and Matthias Stammler
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2771–2789, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2771-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2771-2025, 2025 | 4,060 views
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04 Aug 2025
Performance of wind assessment datasets in United States coastal areas
Lindsay M. Sheridan, Jiali Wang, Caroline Draxl, Nicola Bodini, Caleb Phillips, Dmitry Duplyakin, Heidi Tinnesand, Raj K. Rai, Julia E. Flaherty, Larry K. Berg, Chunyong Jung, Ethan Young, and Rao Kotamarthi
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 1551–1574, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1551-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1551-2025, 2025 | 4,056 views
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25 Sep 2025
Effect of blockage on wind turbine power and wake development
Olivier Ndindayino, Augustin Puel, and Johan Meyers
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2079–2098, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2079-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2079-2025, 2025 | 4,052 views
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19 Dec 2025
On the potential of aerodynamic pressure measurements for structural damage detection
Philip Franz, Imad Abdallah, Gregory Duthé, Julien Deparday, Ali Jafarabadi, Xudong Jian, Max von Danwitz, Alexander Popp, Sarah Barber, and Eleni Chatzi
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 3001–3026, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3001-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3001-2025, 2025 | 4,047 views
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29 Oct 2025
Spectral proper orthogonal decomposition of active wake mixing dynamics in a stable atmospheric boundary layer
Gopal R. Yalla, Kenneth Brown, Lawrence Cheung, Dan Houck, Nathaniel deVelder, and Nicholas Hamilton
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2449–2474, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2449-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2449-2025, 2025 | 4,029 views
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22 Oct 2025
Disentangling wake and projection effects in the aerodynamics of wind turbines with curved blades
Ang Li, Mac Gaunaa, Georg Raimund Pirrung, and Kenneth Lønbæk
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2299–2349, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2299-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2299-2025, 2025 | 3,971 views
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19 Feb 2026
Comment on “Glauert's optimum rotor disk revisited – a calculus of variations solution and exact integrals for thrust and bending moment coefficients” by Tyagi and Schmitz (2025)
J. Gordon Leishman
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 619–620, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-619-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-619-2026, 2026 | 3,919 views
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20 Aug 2025
How does turbulence affect wake development in floating wind turbines? Some insights from comparative large-eddy simulations and wind tunnel experiments
Leonardo Pagamonci, Francesco Papi, Gabriel Cojocaru, Marco Belloli, and Alessandro Bianchini
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 1707–1736, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1707-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1707-2025, 2025 | 3,889 views
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08 Dec 2025
Experimental study of transonic flow over a wind turbine airfoil
Abhyuday Aditya, Maria Cristina Vitulano, Delphine De Tavernier, Ferdinand Schrijer, Bas van Oudheusden, and Dominic von Terzi
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2925–2946, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2925-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2925-2025, 2025 | 3,807 views
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05 Dec 2025
Data-driven probabilistic surrogate model for floating wind turbine lifetime damage equivalent load prediction
Deepali Singh, Erik Haugen, Kasper Laugesen, Richard P. Dwight, and Axelle Viré
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2865–2888, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2865-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2865-2025, 2025 | 3,728 views
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12 Nov 2025
Simulating run-to-failure SCADA time series to enhance wind turbine fault detection and prognosis
Ali Eftekhari Milani, Donatella Zappalá, Francesco Castellani, and Simon Watson
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2563–2576, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2563-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2563-2025, 2025 | 3,720 views
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04 Mar 2026
Gearbox bearing crack growth prognostics and uncertainty quantification with physics-informed machine learning
Mario De Florio, Gabriel Appleby, Jonathan Keller, Ali Eftekhari Milani, Donatella Zappalá, and Shawn Sheng
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 737–752, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-737-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-737-2026, 2026 | 3,615 views
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20 Aug 2025
Operational wind plants increase planetary boundary layer height: an observational study
Aliza Abraham, Matteo Puccioni, Arianna Jordan, Emina Maric, Nicola Bodini, Nicholas Hamilton, Stefano Letizia, Petra M. Klein, Elizabeth N. Smith, Sonia Wharton, Jonathan Gero, Jamey D. Jacob, Raghavendra Krishnamurthy, Rob K. Newsom, Mikhail Pekour, William Radünz, and Patrick Moriarty
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 1681–1705, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1681-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1681-2025, 2025 | 3,594 views
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15 Sep 2025
Upwind vs. downwind: loads and acoustics of a 1.5 MW wind turbine
Pietro Bortolotti, Lee Jay Fingersh, Nicholas Hamilton, Arlinda Huskey, Chris Ivanov, Mark Iverson, Jonathan Keller, Scott Lambert, Jason Roadman, Derek Slaughter, Syhoune Thao, and Consuelo Wells
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2025–2050, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2025-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2025-2025, 2025 | 3,575 views
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08 Dec 2025
Population-based structural health monitoring: homogeneous offshore wind model development
Innes Murdo Black, Moritz Werther Häckell, and Athanasios Kolios
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2889–2901, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2889-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2889-2025, 2025 | 3,456 views
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21 Nov 2025
A robust active power control algorithm to maximize wind farm power tracking margins in waked conditions
Simone Tamaro, Filippo Campagnolo, and Carlo L. Bottasso
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2705–2728, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2705-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2705-2025, 2025 | 3,419 views
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17 Sep 2025
Investigation into the instantaneous centre of rotation for enhanced design of floating offshore wind turbines
Katarzyna Patryniak, Maurizio Collu, Jason Jonkman, Matthew Hall, Garrett Barter, Daniel Zalkind, and Andrea Coraddu
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2051–2077, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2051-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2051-2025, 2025 | 3,419 views
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07 Oct 2025
On the wake re-energization of the X-Rotor vertical-axis wind turbine via the vortex-generator strategy
David Bensason, Andrea Sciacchitano, and Carlos Ferreira
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2137–2159, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2137-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2137-2025, 2025 | 3,391 views
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20 Feb 2026
Added value of site load measurements in probabilistic lifetime extension: a Lillgrund case study
Shadan Mozafari, Jennifer Marie Rinker, Paul Veers, and Katherine Dykes
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 621–641, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-621-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-621-2026, 2026 | 3,381 views
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08 Sep 2025
The impact of far-reaching offshore cluster wakes on wind turbine fatigue loads
Arjun Anantharaman, Jörge Schneemann, Frauke Theuer, Laurent Beaudet, Valentin Bernard, Paul Deglaire, and Martin Kühn
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 1849–1867, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1849-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1849-2025, 2025 | 3,339 views
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14 Jan 2026
Comparison of different simulation methods regarding loads, considering the centre of wind pressure
Marcel Bock, Daniela Moreno, and Joachim Peinke
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 103–126, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-103-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-103-2026, 2026 | 3,323 views
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25 Aug 2025
Comparison of wind-farm control strategies under realistic offshore wind conditions: wake quantities of interest
Kenneth Brown, Gopal Yalla, Lawrence Cheung, Joeri Frederik, Dan Houck, Nathaniel deVelder, Eric Simley, and Paul Fleming
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 1737–1762, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1737-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1737-2025, 2025 | 3,320 views
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08 Sep 2025
Validation of the near wake of a scaled X-Rotor vertical-axis wind turbine predicted by a free-wake vortex model
Adhyanth Giri Ajay, David Bensason, and Delphine De Tavernier
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 1829–1847, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1829-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1829-2025, 2025 | 3,312 views
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08 Aug 2025
Offshore wind farm layout optimization with alignment constraints
Paul Malisani, Tristan Bartement, and Pauline Bozonnet
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 1611–1623, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1611-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1611-2025, 2025 | 3,301 views
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09 Sep 2025
Developing an atlas of rain-induced leading edge erosion for wind turbine blades in the Dutch North Sea
Marco Caboni and Gerwin van Dalum
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 1887–1906, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1887-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1887-2025, 2025 | 3,265 views
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14 Jan 2026
Hollow-forged AHD steel rotor shafts for wind turbines – a case study on power density, costs and GWP
Christian Hollas, Georg Jacobs, Vitali Züch, Julian Röder, Moritz Gouverneur, Niklas Reinisch, David Bailly, and Alexander Gramlich
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 89–102, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-89-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-89-2026, 2026 | 3,244 views
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08 Sep 2025
Evaluating the enhanced sampling rate for turbulence measurement with a wind lidar profiler
Maxime Thiébaut, Louis Marié, Frédéric Delbos, and Florent Guinot
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 1869–1885, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1869-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1869-2025, 2025 | 3,236 views
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16 Jan 2026
Concurrent aerodynamic design of the wing and the turbines of airborne wind energy systems
Filippo Trevisi, Gianni Cassoni, Mac Gaunaa, and Lorenzo Mario Fagiano
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 195–216, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-195-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-195-2026, 2026 | 3,225 views
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