Articles | Volume 8, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-535-2023
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-535-2023
Research article
 | 
13 Apr 2023
Research article |  | 13 Apr 2023

From gigawatt to multi-gigawatt wind farms: wake effects, energy budgets and inertial gravity waves investigated by large-eddy simulations

Oliver Maas

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Cited articles

Abkar, M. and Porté-Agel, F.: The effect of free-atmosphere stratification on boundary-layer flow and power output from very large wind farms, Energies, 6, 2338–2361, https://doi.org/10.3390/en6052338, 2013. a
Abkar, M. and Porté-Agel, F.: Mean and turbulent kinetic energy budgets inside and above very large wind farms under conventionally-neutral condition, Renew. Energ., 70, 142–152, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.03.050, 2014. a, b, c
Allaerts, D. and Meyers, J.: Effect of Inversion-Layer Height and Coriolis Forces on Developing Wind-Farm Boundary Layers, in: 34th Wind Energy Symposium, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, Virginia, 1–5, https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-1989, 2016. a, b, c, d
Allaerts, D. and Meyers, J.: Boundary-layer development and gravity waves in conventionally neutral wind farms, J. Fluid Mech., 814, 95–130, https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.11, 2017. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l
Allaerts, D. and Meyers, J.: Gravity Waves and Wind-Farm Efficiency in Neutral and Stable Conditions, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 166, 269–299, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-017-0307-5, 2018. a
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Short summary
The study compares small vs. large wind farms regarding the flow and power output with a turbulence-resolving simulation model. It shows that a large wind farm (90 km length) significantly affects the wind direction and that the wind speed is higher in the large wind farm wake. Both wind farms excite atmospheric gravity waves that also affect the power output of the wind farms.
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