Wind Energy Science
Wind Energy Science
WES
The following lists the preprints and final revised papers published within the last 90 days.
26 Feb 2026
Exploring future production scenarios for Italian offshore wind power
Davide Medici, Arianna Tonna, and Antonio Segalini
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 723–735, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-723-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-723-2026, 2026
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26 Feb 2026
Computational aerodynamics for soft-wing kite design
Jelle Agatho Wilhelm Poland, Kasper Raphaël G. Masure, Oriol Cayon, and Roland Schmehl
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-46,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-46, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 1 comment)
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24 Feb 2026
Evaluating the impact of inter-annual variability on long-term wind speed predictions
Johanna Borowski, Sandra Schwegmann, Kerstin Avila, and Martin Dörenkämper
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 661–677, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-661-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-661-2026, 2026
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24 Feb 2026
Phase controlling the yaw motion of floating wind turbines with the helix method to reduce wake interactions: an experimental investigation
Daniel van den Berg, Daan van der Hoek, Delphine De Tavernier, Jonas Gutknecht, and Jan-Willem van Wingerden
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 679–692, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-679-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-679-2026, 2026
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24 Feb 2026
Non-destructive sub-surface inspection of multi-layer wind turbine blade coatings by mid-infrared optical coherence tomography
Coraline Lapre, Christian Rosenberg Petersen, Per Nielsen, Thomas Wulf, Jakob Ilsted Bech, Søren Fæster, Ole Bang, and Niels Møller Israelsen
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 693–704, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-693-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-693-2026, 2026
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24 Feb 2026
Design optimisation of an open-source reference rotor library for multi-rotor development and innovation
Abdirahman Sheik Hassan, Neha Chandarana, Rainer Groh, and Terence Macquart
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 705–722, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-705-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-705-2026, 2026
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23 Feb 2026
Numerical analysis of dynamic wind turbine airfoil characteristics in transonic flow
Maria Cristina Vitulano, Delphine De Tavernier, Giuliano De Stefano, and Dominic von Terzi
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 643–660, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-643-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-643-2026, 2026
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23 Feb 2026
The AWAKEN wind farm benchmark, Part 1: Observed conditions
Nicola Bodini, Aliza Abraham, Paula Doubrawa, Stefano Letizia, Julie K. Lundquist, Patrick Moriarty, and Ryan Scott
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-33,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-33, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
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23 Feb 2026
Lifetime reassessment of offshore wind turbines considering different operating conditions using Kriging meta-models
Franziska Schmidt, Clemens Hübler, and Raimund Rolfes
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-38,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-38, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
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23 Feb 2026
Verification-Based Assessment of Modelling Assumptions in Discrete-Event Simulation of Operation and Maintenance for Floating Offshore Wind
Lu-Jan Huang, Simone Mancini, Daniel Mulas Hernando, and Rob Hammond
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-279,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-279, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
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23 Feb 2026
An experimental campaign to measure turbulence in the marine boundary layer
Jakob Mann, Ansh Patel, Mikael Sjöholm, Gunhild Rolighed Thorsen, Elliot Irving Simon, Lin-Ya Hung, and Julia Gottschall
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-39,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-39, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
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20 Feb 2026
Added value of site load measurements in probabilistic lifetime extension: a Lillgrund case study
Shadan Mozafari, Jennifer Marie Rinker, Paul Veers, and Katherine Dykes
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 621–641, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-621-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-621-2026, 2026
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20 Feb 2026
Influence of the inflow conditions on the dynamics of a floating wind turbine wake under harmonic surge motion
Dimas Alejandro Barile, Roberto Sosa, Sandrine Aubrun, and Alejandro Daniel Otero
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-43,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-43, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 1 comment)
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20 Feb 2026
Virtual sensing for strain estimation in wind turbine support structures based on a single accelerometer
Jonathan Thurn, Clemens Jonscher, Benedikt Hofmeister, Gianluca Zorzi, and Raimund Rolfes
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-5,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-5, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
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20 Feb 2026
Mitigation of offshore wind farm cluster wake effects by low-specific-rating, low-induction turbines
Johannes Paulsen, Gerald Steinfeld, Martin Kühn, and Martin Dörenkämper
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-23,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-23, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
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19 Feb 2026
Enabling the use of unstructured meshes for the large-eddy simulation of stable atmospheric boundary layers
Ulysse Vigny, Léa Voivenel, Mostafa Safdari Shadloo, Pierre Bénard, and Stéphanie Zeoli
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 597–617, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-597-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-597-2026, 2026
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19 Feb 2026
Comment on “Glauert's optimum rotor disk revisited – a calculus of variations solution and exact integrals for thrust and bending moment coefficients” by Tyagi and Schmitz (2025)
J. Gordon Leishman
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 619–620, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-619-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-619-2026, 2026
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18 Feb 2026
Improving wind speed availability of a six-beam Doppler lidar
Mohammadreza Manami, Guillaume Léa, Jakob Mann, Mikael Sjöholm, and Guillaume Gorju
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 585–596, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-585-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-585-2026, 2026
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18 Feb 2026
Actuator line URANS-to-LES comparison of single and tandem floating offshore wind turbines
Agnese Firpo, Andrea Giuseppe Sanvito, Giacomo Persico, and Vincenzo Dossena
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 557–584, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-557-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-557-2026, 2026
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17 Feb 2026
Impact of atmospheric turbulence on performance and loads of wind turbines: knowledge gaps and research challenges
Branko Kosović, Sukanta Basu, Jacob Berg, Larry K. Berg, Sue E. Haupt, Xiaoli G. Larsén, Joachim Peinke, Richard J. A. M. Stevens, Paul Veers, and Simon Watson
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 509–555, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-509-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-509-2026, 2026
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17 Feb 2026
Yaw-based wake steering control under field uncertainties: a line of 4 industrial wind turbines investigated with LES and engineering wake models
Etienne Muller, Simone Gremmo, Felix Houtin-Mongrolle, Laurent Beaudet, Juliette Coussy, Luis A. Martínez-Tossas, and Pierre Bénard
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-37,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-37, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
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17 Feb 2026
Experimental investigation of harmonic surge motions on the far wake of a wind turbine model and analysis of a resulting subharmonic wake response
Antonin Hubert, Boris Conan, and Sandrine Aubrun
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-41,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-41, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
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16 Feb 2026
Offshore wind profile characteristics and their impact on floating wind turbine power production
Nikolas Angelou and Camille Dubreuil-Boisclair
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-20,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-20, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
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13 Feb 2026
Reductions in wind farm main bearing rating lives resulting from wake impingement
Julian Quick, Edward Hart, Marcus Binder Nilsen, Rasmus Sode Lund, Jaime Liew, Piinshin Huang, Pierre-Elouan Rethore, Jonathan Keller, Wooyong Song, and Yi Guo
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 493–507, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-493-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-493-2026, 2026
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13 Feb 2026
Fast blockage models for wind-farm power prediction
Koen Devesse and Johan Meyers
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-14,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-14, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
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13 Feb 2026
Validation of RANS-calibrated engineering models and ANN-based surrogate for wind farm flow simulation and layout optimization
Jens Peter Schøler, Ernestas Simutis, M. Paul van der Laan, Julian Quick, and Pierre-Elouan Réthoré
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-19,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-19, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 1 comment)
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12 Feb 2026
Experimental investigation of wind turbine controllers for the Hybrid-Lambda Rotor
Daniel Ribnitzky, Vlaho Petrović, and Martin Kühn
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 469–491, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-469-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-469-2026, 2026
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12 Feb 2026
Characterizing Coastal Turbulence and Wind Speed Gradients Using an Anemometer Array to Improve Offshore Wind Energy Assessment
Henry Potter and Beibei E
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-21,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-21, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
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11 Feb 2026
Nineteen months of daily weather logging on the U.S. east coast: The WFIP3 event log
Nicola Bodini, Joseph Olson, Brian Gaudet, Giacomo Valerio Iungo, Mojtaba Shams Solari, Sayahnya Roy, Julie K. Lundquist, Nathan Agarwal, Timothy A. Myers, Bianca Adler, Jeffrey D. Mirocha, Eric James, Laura Bianco, James M. Wilczak, and David D. Turner
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-17,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-17, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 2 comments)
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11 Feb 2026
Grand Challenges in Designing Resilient Wind Energy Systems in Areas Prone to Tropical Cyclones
Georgios Deskos, Jiali Wang, Sanjay Arwade, Murray Fisher, Brian Hirth, Xiaoli Guo Larsén, Julie K. Lundquist, Andrew Myers, Weichiang Pang, William J. Pringle, Robert Rogers, Miguel Sanchez-Gomez, Chao Sun, Atsushi Yamaguchi, and Paul Veers
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-32,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-32, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
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10 Feb 2026
Emerging mobile lidar technology to study boundary layer winds influenced by operating turbines
Yelena Pichugina, Alan W. Brewer, Sunil Baidar, Robert Banta, Edward Strobach, Brandi McCarty, Brian Carroll, Nicola Bodini, Stefano Letizia, Richard Marchbanks, Michael Zucker, Maxwell Holloway, and Patrick Moriarty
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 417–442, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-417-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-417-2026, 2026
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10 Feb 2026
A machine-learning-based approach for better prediction of fatigue life of offshore wind turbine foundations using smaller data sizes
Ahmed Mujtaba, Wout Weijtjens, Negin Sadeghi, and Christof Devriendt
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 443–467, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-443-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-443-2026, 2026
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10 Feb 2026
Edgewise instabilities of a wind turbine blade section in attached flow conditions
Hendrik Verdonck and Oliver Hach
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-9,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-9, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
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10 Feb 2026
Power Output and Downstream Wake Modifications of Turbines Mounted on Tension-Leg Platforms Subjected to Fully Developed Ocean Gravity Waves
Juan M. Restrepo, Matthew Norman, Stuart Slattery, Lawrence Cheung, and Yihan Liu
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-27,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-27, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 1 comment)
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10 Feb 2026
Evaluating effects of the terrain on modelled winds in multiple atmospheric model datasets
Maksims Pogumirskis, Tija Sīle, Lasse Svenningsen, and Andrea N. Hahmann
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-24,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-24, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 2 comments)
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09 Feb 2026
Design of fatigue-based specifications for the design of controllers in wind turbines
Irene Miquelez-Madariaga, Jesús Arellano, Daniel Lacheta-Lecumberri, and Jorge Elso
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 405–416, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-405-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-405-2026, 2026
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09 Feb 2026
Wind turbine wake dynamics subjected to atmospheric gravity waves: a measurement-driven large-eddy simulation study
Dachuan Feng, Nirav Dangi, and Simon Watson
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 395–404, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-395-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-395-2026, 2026
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08 Feb 2026
Editorial: Celebrating the first decade of Wind Energy Science
Carlo L. Bottasso, Sandrine Aubrun, Nicolaos A. Cutululis, Julia Gottschall, Athanasios Kolios, Jakob Mann, and Paul Veers
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 347–348, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-347-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-347-2026, 2026
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06 Feb 2026
A wind turbine digital shadow for complex inflow conditions
Hadi Hoghooghi and Carlo L. Bottasso
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 373–393, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-373-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-373-2026, 2026
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06 Feb 2026
Review and quantification of major risks in wind farm development and operation
Moritz Johann Gräfe, Azélice Ludot, Matt Shields, Athanasios Kolios, Rajasekhar Pulikollu, and Nikolay Dimitrov
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-31,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-31, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
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05 Feb 2026
Optimizing the operation of energy islands with predictive nonlinear programming – a case study based on the Princess Elisabeth Energy Island
Mario Useche-Arteaga, Pieter Gebraad, Vinicius Lacerda, Marc Cheah-Mane, and Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 349–372, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-349-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-349-2026, 2026
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05 Feb 2026
Methodology for the analysis of the effect of precipitation on wind farm performance
Maria Aparicio-Sanchez, Irene Eguinoa, Elena Cantero-Nouqueret, and Alvaro Olcoz-Alonso
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-30,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-30, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 2 comments)
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04 Feb 2026
New method to characterize aerodynamic flow state around wind turbine blades
Dimitri Voisin, Didier Velayoudon, Mattéo Capaldo, John-Richard Ordonnez-Valera, Rachel Jorand, and Mohammed Fajar
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-6,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-6, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 5 comments)
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04 Feb 2026
On the Sufficiency of Low-Order Spatial Descriptors for Fatigue Load and Power Prediction from Aggregated Rotor-Plane Flow Fields in Offshore Wind Farms
Pradhyumnaa Ganapathi Subramanian
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-26,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-26, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 2 comments)
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02 Feb 2026
Low-level jets' influence on the power conversion efficiency of offshore wind turbines
Johannes Paulsen, Jörge Schneemann, Gerald Steinfeld, Frauke Theuer, and Martin Kühn
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 321–346, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-321-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-321-2026, 2026
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02 Feb 2026
The impact of sea breezes on offshore wind energy resources in Australia
Andrew Brown and Claire Vincent
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-11,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-11, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 1 comment)
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30 Jan 2026
Turbulence distortion matters in predicting inflow turbulence noise of future wind turbines
Özgür Yalçın, Andrea Piccolo, Riccardo Zamponi, Daniele Ragni, and Roberto Merino-Martinez
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 299–319, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-299-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-299-2026, 2026
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29 Jan 2026
Vortex generator design for unsteady flow separation control and dynamic stall suppression on pitching thick airfoils
Abhratej Sahoo, Wei Yu, and Daniele Ragni
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-7,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-7, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 1 comment)
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28 Jan 2026
Classification of Leading Edge Erosion Severity via Machine Learning Surrogate Models
Aidan Gettemy, Susan Minkoff, John Zweck, and Elaine Spiller
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-289,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-289, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
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28 Jan 2026
Efficient derivative computation for unsteady fatigue-constrained nonlinear aero-structural wind turbine blade optimization
Adam Cardoza and Andrew Ning
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-10,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-10, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: final response, 8 comments)
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27 Jan 2026
Airborne measurements for investigating offshore wind farm wakes and modifications of sea state – benefits and limitations
Astrid Lampert, Beatriz Cañadillas, Thomas Rausch, Lea Schmitt, Bughsin' Djath, Johannes Schulz-Stellenfleth, Andreas Platis, Kjell zum Berge, Ines Schäfer, Jens Bange, Thomas Neumann, Martin Dörenkämper, Bernhard Stoevesandt, Julia Gottschall, Lukas Vollmer, Stefan Emeis, Mares Barekzai, Simon Siedersleben, Martin Kühn, Gerald Steinfeld, Detlev Heinemann, Joachim Peinke, Hendrik Heißelmann, Jörge Schneemann, Gabriele Centurelli, Philipp Waldmann, and Konrad Bärfuss
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-277,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-277, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 1 comment)
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26 Jan 2026
Trimming a rigid-wing airborne wind system for coordinated circular flights
Duc H. Nguyen, Mark H. Lowenberg, and Espen Oland
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 285–298, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-285-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-285-2026, 2026
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26 Jan 2026
Investigating the wind-wave interaction on mean wind and turbulence structure using COAWST with WRF-LES
Sima Hamzeloo, Xiaoli Guo Larsén, Alfredo Peña, Jana Fischereit, and Oscar García-Santiago
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-267,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-267, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 3 comments)
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26 Jan 2026
Impact of Wake Impingement on the Fatigue Loads in the Main Bearings and Blades of Offshore Wind Turbines
Jakob Gebel, Pieter-Jan Daems, Diederik van Binsbergen, Veronica Liverud Krathe, Amir R. Nejad, and Jan Helsen
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-13,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-13, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 1 comment)
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23 Jan 2026
Bidirectional wakes over complex terrain using SCADA data and wake models
Nanako Sasanuma, Akihiro Honda, Christian Bak, Niels Troldborg, Mac Gaunaa, Morten Nielsen, and Teruhisa Shimada
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 265–284, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-265-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-265-2026, 2026
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23 Jan 2026
Impact of atmospheric stability and turbulence on wind turbine wake characteristics: a nacelle lidar study
Julia Menken and Norman Wildmann
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-8,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-8, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: final response, 2 comments)
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22 Jan 2026
Coriolis recovery of wind farm wakes
Ronald B. Smith and Brian J. Gribben
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 233–249, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-233-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-233-2026, 2026
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22 Jan 2026
Validation of a finite-element model of a 5 m three-row roller wind turbine blade bearing
Matthis Graßmann, Martin Geibel, and Florian Schleich
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 251–264, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-251-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-251-2026, 2026
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22 Jan 2026
Impact of Boundary Layer Height and Large-Scale Turbulence on the Efficiency and Loads of Offshore Wind Farms
Stefan Ivanell, Bjarke T. Olsen, Antoine Mathieu, Cristina Mulet-Benzo, Abdul Haseeb Syed, Warit Chanprasert, Mikael Sjöholm, Jakob Mann, and Julia Gottschall
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-286,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-286, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 1 comment)
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22 Jan 2026
Identification of optimal ERA5 model level for wind resource assessments in mountainous terrain
Juan Contreras, Nicole van Lipzig, Esteban Samaniego, and Daniela Ballari
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-272,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-272, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 1 comment)
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22 Jan 2026
Dynamic response and loads analysis of a large offshore wind turbine under low-frequency wind fluctuations
Abdul Haseeb Syed, Ásta Hannesdóttir, and Jakob Mann
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-4,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2026-4, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 2 comments)
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21 Jan 2026
Aeroelastic Validation of ExaWind for the Pazy Wing Wind Tunnel Experiment
Neil Matula, Gopal Yalla, Bumseok Lee, Ganesh Vijayakumar, Nathaniel deVelder, Lawrence Cheung, Michael Sprague, and Paul Crozier
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-263,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-263, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 1 comment)
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21 Jan 2026
A numerical study of the influence of terrain on wakes, blockage, wind farm efficiency, and turbine efficiency
James Bleeg
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-291,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-291, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 1 comment)
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19 Jan 2026
Determining the ideal length of wind speed series for wind speed distribution and resource assessment
Lihong Zhou and Igor Esau
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 217–232, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-217-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-217-2026, 2026
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19 Jan 2026
50-year Wind Speed Maps for Tropical Cyclone-affected Regions using Best Track data
Keeta Chapman-Smith, Xiaoli Guo Larsén, and Mark Laier Brodersen
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-269,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-269, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 1 comment)
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16 Jan 2026
Field comparison of load-based wind turbine wake tracking with a scanning lidar reference
David Onnen, Gunner Christian Larsen, Alan Wai Hou Lio, Paul Hulsman, Martin Kühn, and Vlaho Petrović
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 175–193, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-175-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-175-2026, 2026
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16 Jan 2026
Concurrent aerodynamic design of the wing and the turbines of airborne wind energy systems
Filippo Trevisi, Gianni Cassoni, Mac Gaunaa, and Lorenzo Mario Fagiano
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 195–216, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-195-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-195-2026, 2026
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16 Jan 2026
Optimal Control of Crosswind Kite Systems with an Engineering Wake Model based on Vortex Loops and Dipoles
Jochem De Schutter, Antonia Mühleck, Rachel Leuthold, and Moritz Diehl
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-275,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-275, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: final response, 2 comments)
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15 Jan 2026
Modelling vortex generator effects on turbulent boundary layers with integral boundary layer equations
Abhratej Sahoo, Akshay Koodly Ravishankara, Wei Yu, Daniele Ragni, and Carlos Simao Ferreira
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 127–154, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-127-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-127-2026, 2026
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15 Jan 2026
Mountain wave and downslope winds impact on wind power production
Kine Solbakken, Eirik Mikal Samuelsen, and Yngve Birkelund
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 155–173, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-155-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-155-2026, 2026
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14 Jan 2026
Hollow-forged AHD steel rotor shafts for wind turbines – a case study on power density, costs and GWP
Christian Hollas, Georg Jacobs, Vitali Züch, Julian Röder, Moritz Gouverneur, Niklas Reinisch, David Bailly, and Alexander Gramlich
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 89–102, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-89-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-89-2026, 2026
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14 Jan 2026
Comparison of different simulation methods regarding loads, considering the centre of wind pressure
Marcel Bock, Daniela Moreno, and Joachim Peinke
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 103–126, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-103-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-103-2026, 2026
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12 Jan 2026
Investigation of onshore wind farm wake recovery with in situ aircraft measurements during AWAKEN
Anna Voss, Konrad B. Bärfuss, Beatriz Cañadillas, Maik Angermann, Mark Bitter, Matthias Cremer, Thomas Feuerle, Jonas Spoor, Julie K. Lundquist, Patrick Moriarty, and Astrid Lampert
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 71–88, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-71-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-71-2026, 2026
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12 Jan 2026
A Computational Fluid Dynamics surrogate model for wind turbine interaction including atmospheric stability
Maarten Paul van der Laan, Alexander Meyer Forsting, and Pierre-Elouan Réthoré
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-287,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-287, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 2 comments)
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09 Jan 2026
Model sensitivity across scales: a case study of simulating an offshore low-level jet
Patrick Hawbecker, William Lassman, Timothy W. Juliano, Branko Kosović, and Sue Ellen Haupt
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 51–69, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-51-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-51-2026, 2026
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09 Jan 2026
Large eddy simulation of airborne wind energy systems flying in turbulent wind using model predictive control
Jean-Baptiste Crismer, Thomas Haas, Matthieu Duponcheel, and Grégoire Winckelmans
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-288,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-288, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: final response, 2 comments)
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07 Jan 2026
Introduction to and comparison of deep learning and optimization approaches to analytical wake modeling of a tilted wind turbine
James Cutler, Christopher Bay, and Andrew Ning
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 37–49, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-37-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-37-2026, 2026
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07 Jan 2026
Evaluation of a high-resolution regional climate simulation for surface and hub-height wind climatology over North America
Kyle Peco, Jiali Wang, Chunyong Jung, Gökhan Sever, Lindsay Sheridan, Jeremy Feinstein, Rao Kotamarthi, Caroline Draxl, Ethan Young, Avi Purkayastha, and Andrew Kumler
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 13–35, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-13-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-13-2026, 2026
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07 Jan 2026
Method for using spectral flow data to predict vortex-induced vibration onset of static structures
Kevin R. Moore, Hannah K. Ross, Kirk L. Bonney, and Brent J. Summerville
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-248,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-248, 2026
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 4 comments)
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06 Jan 2026
Feasibility of up-tower repair concepts for pultruded carbon spar cap planks in wind turbine blades
Malo Rosemeier, Matthias Saathoff, Johannes Kolsch, Pablo Buriticá, Enno Petersen, and Christopher Beer
Wind Energ. Sci., 11, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1-2026, 2026
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30 Dec 2025
A Novel Analytical Tool to Capture Wind Profile Variability for Wind Energy Assessment: Fast, Simple, and Beyond State-of-the-Art in Complex Terrain
Brandon Jacobus Adrianus van Schaik, Alice Juliette Baruzier, Clément Loyer, Hendrik Huwald, and Michael Lehning
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-271,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-271, 2025
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
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30 Dec 2025
Sensor-Error-Robust Normal Behavior Modeling for Wind Turbine Failure Prediction Using a Masked Autoencoder
Xavier Chesterman, Ann Nowé, and Jan Helsen
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-280,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-280, 2025
Revised manuscript under review for WES (discussion: final response, 4 comments)
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30 Dec 2025
Relating convergence of the actuator line method to its velocity sample using a novel description of the bound vortex in time-dependent fluid dynamics simulations
Evert Ivo Wiegant, Delphine de Tavernier, and Axelle Viré
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-276,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-276, 2025
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: final response, 3 comments)
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28 Dec 2025
A Multi-Parametric Composite Approach for the Optimization of Wind Turbine Blades using Double-Double Laminates
Edgar Werthen, Gustavo Nunes Ribeiro, Sascha Dähne, David Zerbst, Lennart Tönnjes, and Christian Hühne
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-285,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-285, 2025
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: final response, 5 comments)
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28 Dec 2025
Beyond wind-sector management – Optimal wind farm operational planning for balancing fatigue damage and extending lifetime
Niklas Requate, Lukas Vollmer, and René Hofmann
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-284,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-284, 2025
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 0 comments)
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28 Dec 2025
Design and Simulation of a Continuously Variable Hydraulic Power-Split Drivetrain for Wind Turbines
Pascal Seifermann, Jonathan Schaaf, Sven Störtenbecker, and Peter Dalhoff
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-282,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-282, 2025
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: final response, 2 comments)
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27 Dec 2025
Aeroelastic Instabilities of the IEA 15 MW Rotor During Extreme Yaw Maneuvers
Leo Höning, Iván Herráez, Bernhard Stoevesandt, and Joachim Peinke
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-281,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-281, 2025
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: final response, 2 comments)
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27 Dec 2025
Improved modeling of flow curvature effects and actuator line method with aerodynamic moment, with application to vertical-axis turbines
Grégoire Winckelmans, Philippe Rochefort, Thierry Villeneuve, François Trigaux, Matthieu Duponcheel, and Guy Dumas
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-283,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-283, 2025
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: final response, 2 comments)
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22 Dec 2025
Kriging meta-models for damage equivalent load assessment of idling offshore wind turbines
Franziska Schmidt, Clemens Hübler, and Raimund Rolfes
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 3069–3089, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3069-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3069-2025, 2025
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22 Dec 2025
Experimental study of regenerative wind farms featuring enhanced vertical energy entrainment
YuanTso Li, Marnix Fijen, Brian Dsouza, Wei Yu, Andrea Sciacchitano, and Carlos Ferreira
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 3091–3124, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3091-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3091-2025, 2025
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22 Dec 2025
Analyzing the impact of aeroelastic model fidelity on control co-design optimization of floating offshore wind turbines
Robert Behrens de Luna, Francesco Papi, David Marten, and Christian Oliver Paschereit
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 3045–3068, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3045-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3045-2025, 2025
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19 Dec 2025
On the potential of aerodynamic pressure measurements for structural damage detection
Philip Franz, Imad Abdallah, Gregory Duthé, Julien Deparday, Ali Jafarabadi, Xudong Jian, Max von Danwitz, Alexander Popp, Sarah Barber, and Eleni Chatzi
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 3001–3026, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3001-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3001-2025, 2025
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19 Dec 2025
Frequency-domain modeling of floating wind arrays with shared mooring lines
Matthew Hall, Lucas Carmo, and Ericka Lozon
Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 3027–3043, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3027-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3027-2025, 2025
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17 Dec 2025
Comparison of measured and simulated fatigue loads on a multi-megawatt wind turbine
Ansh Patel, Jakob Mann, Mikael Sjöholm, Kasper Zinck, and Karunya Raj
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-278,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-278, 2025
Revised manuscript under review for WES (discussion: final response, 5 comments)
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16 Dec 2025
Modelling global offshore turbulence intensity including large-scale turbulence, stability and sea state
Xiaoli Guo Larsén, Marc Imberger, and Rogier Floors
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-245,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-245, 2025
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 2 comments)
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16 Dec 2025
Extreme wind speeds in tropical cyclones using parametric models
Paul Renaud, Léo Vinour, Fabien Leckler, Shogo Uchiyama, and Jean-François Filipot
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-273,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-273, 2025
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 1 comment)
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15 Dec 2025
Impacts of Climate Change on the Offshore Wind Industry in Metropolitan France: Insights from the 2C NOW Project
Youen Kervella, Tessa Chevallier, Boutheina Oueslati, Nicolas Raillard, Marissa Yates, Matéo Pimoult, Coline Poppeschi, Anindita Patra, Neil Luxcey, Florent Guinot, and Laurent Dubus
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-266,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-266, 2025
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 1 comment)
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11 Dec 2025
Incorporation of Airborne Wind Energy Systems to Enhance Resiliency for a Microgrid in Rural Puerto Rico
Nico E. Galarza Morales, Jimmy E. Quiroz, Victor D. Garcia, Evan G. Sproul, Rachid Darbali-Zamora, and Brent C. Houchens
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-251,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-251, 2025
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: final response, 2 comments)
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11 Dec 2025
Experimental investigation of the effect of wake steering on the noise emission of a commercial wind turbine
Thomas Duc and Arthur Finez
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-224,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-224, 2025
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 1 comment)
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11 Dec 2025
Fast response methods for aero-elastic floating wind turbine design
Bogdan Pamfil, Henrik Bredmose, Taeseong Kim, and Wei Yu
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-259,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-259, 2025
Preprint under review for WES (discussion: open, 1 comment)
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